Epidemiology and etiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Spanish and immigrants’ women in Fuenlabrada (Madrid)

Abstract

Objectives. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common vaginal infection. Risk factors include diabetes, antibiotic use and pregnancy. Candida albicans is the most common species identified but non-C. albicans species appear to be more commonly associated with VVC in some Asian and African countries. We had studied the distribution of Candida species in Spanish and immigrants’ women residents in Spain. Material and methods. Retrospective study of vaginal yeast cultures between 2015 and 2018. Results. A total of 2,283 vaginal yeast cultures were collected. Candida spp. was detected in 25.7% from Spanish women and in 28.5% from immigrants (no significant differences). Immigrants have higher rates of vaginal candidiasis compared other studies in Spain. C. albicans was the most common species isolated (82.4%). Conclusions. There were no differences in vaginal candidiasis rate between Spanish and immigrants’ women. Immigrants consulted proportionally more compared with the Spanish women.

Epidemiological Profile of Patients with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis from a Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic in Southern Spain

“…It provides data on an infection for which there are usually no accurate national or local data, and the magnitude of associations of the socio-demographic and sexual behavioural variables with VVC has been explored and quantified. To our knowledge, it is one of the few studies that has been developed in our context with similar objectives [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

“…The socio-demographic profile of women diagnosed with VVC was found to correspond to a Spanish woman, who is a student, not in active employment, with a higher education, who is single, and under 30 years of age. A study conducted in Madrid reported more positive cultures for VVC in foreign women (28.5%) than in Spanish women (25.7%) [ 22 ], while López-Olmos et al [ 41 ] in Valencia reported the opposite (16.03% vs. 23.97%). As in our study, in none of these studies was the country of birth found to be statistically associated with infection.…”

Candidiasis vulvovaginal y vulvovaginitis en mujeres en edad reproductiva en Colombia, según el Sistema Integrado de Información de la Protección Social

“…En el mundo la prevalencia de CVV tiende a ser baja con 5,3 % en Alemania (13) y mayor en África con un 44,4 % en Nigeria ( 14) y en los países asiáticos con 32,7 % en India ( 15), 31,6 % en Dubái (1), 28,8 % en Nepal ( 16) y 26 % en Irán (17). Esta diferencia podría deberse a varias razones como los criterios de selección de las pacientes en los estudios, hábitos socioculturales, las condiciones rurales, factores de riesgo para la infección y la dinámica de la población local, lo que explica enormes disparidades en la tasa de prevalencia entre países (18). Un factor que determina el comportamiento epidemiológico de los agentes causales de las infecciones genitales en las mujeres es el abordaje sindromático recomendado por las guías de práctica clínica (19).…”

Caracterización epidemiológica de las infecciones vulvovaginales

“…En el 2008 en México el tipo más frecuente de Vaginosis presentado en mujeres de edad fértil de 15 a 44 años fue de etiología bacteriana. Se identificó una prevalencia que oscila entre el (10-40%) (Aroca et al, 2020). Ocurriendo en más del (30%) de la población puede llevar a enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica y subsecuente a infertilidad, y susceptibilidad de parto pretérmino en pacientes gestantes (Zambrano-Loor et al, 2018).…”