Epidemiology and history of knee injury and its impact on activity limitation among football premier league professional referees

Mohtasham, Hamid Mahdavi; Shahrbanian, Shahnaz; Khoshroo, Fatemeh

doi:10.5249/jivr.v10i1.963

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Our data reporting injuries and injury rates (1-year prevalence 36%; season prevalence 32.7%) are similar to injury rates for referees in other types of sports. In Iran’s Football Premier League, 6-month injury incidence was reported to be 22.4%, 31 out of 59 (56%) referees reported a history of knee injury, and injured referees reported decreased activities in daily and recreational living [ 4 ]. In Gaelic football, the annual injury prevalence was 58%, with 14% injured at the time of the survey [ 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous reports about injuries in soccer referees indicated that these referees resumed refereeing as early as one week after the injury occurred [ 11 ]. In some cases, the referees restarted with referring before the injury was cured or before injury related symptoms disappeared [ 4 , 7 , 11 ]. This insufficient recovery might increase the risk of a re-injury and therefore endangers referees’ health and well-being [ 4 , 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases, the referees restarted with referring before the injury was cured or before injury related symptoms disappeared [ 4 , 7 , 11 ]. This insufficient recovery might increase the risk of a re-injury and therefore endangers referees’ health and well-being [ 4 , 11 ]. It is also known that the referees’ health and quality of refereeing are directly related [ 4 , 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This insufficient recovery might increase the risk of a re-injury and therefore endangers referees’ health and well-being [ 4 , 11 ]. It is also known that the referees’ health and quality of refereeing are directly related [ 4 , 11 ]. These findings in soccer referees are comparable to handball referees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may result in body contact with players and in physical fatigue and consequently in an increased risk for injuries and false decision making in some cases [ 3 ]. The fact that referees are often older than players may exacerbate these risks and consequently, referees in modern handball should be trained adequately [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence of injury and pain in referees in German national handball leagues: a cohort study

Heyn¹,

Fleckenstein

2021

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background Handball referees play an important role during a handball match. Surprisingly, not much is known about their sports-related injuries and resulting pain, therefore the purpose of our study was to focus on injuries and sports-related pain in referees in German handball leagues. Methods During the 2018/19 national German handball season, referees of the German Federation of Handball (DHB) were contacted and asked to complete an injury and pain questionnaire on the penultimate matchday of the first and the second round of the season. Results Seventy referees participated in the study. One in three referees reported an injury during the last year and perceived some form of pain. Of those suffering from pain, 16.7% referees reported chronic pain disorders. During the season, 31.4% of referees incurred an injury and the majority of the 70 referees officiated despite pain (n = 43). Prospectively-enrolled data suggested an incidence of 11.6 (95% CI: 10.3 to 13.0) injuries per 1000 match hours, and 19.0 (95% CI: 16.8 to 21.3) sports-related pain events per 1000 match hours. The most common injuries were foot and knee injuries and a substantial number of the referees (n = 25) reported taking analgesics for the pain. Conclusion German handball referees are at risk of sports-related injuries with subsequent pain. Considering the injury profile, the incidence of sports-related pain events, and the high physiological demands of refereeing, it appears that prevention programs should be developed and integrated into the routine of the referee.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence of injury and pain in referees in German national handball leagues: a cohort study

Heyn¹,

Fleckenstein

2021

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Injuries to Ice Hockey Referees and Linesmen: A Survey of International Ice Hockey Federation Officials

Popkin

Fortney

Padaki

et al. 2022

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: Ice hockey referees and linesmen are at risk for musculoskeletal injuries because of the lack of protective equipment and contact with players, sticks, pucks, the ice surface and boards. Purpose: To quantify and analyze injuries reported by officials of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A 61-question survey tool was designed by an interdisciplinary team to evaluate musculoskeletal injuries experienced by ice hockey officials. This survey was administered to 600 active IIHF referees and linesmen. Only completed survey responses were included in the statistical analysis. Continuous variables were analyzed using unpaired t-tests, while categorical data were assessed utilizing chi-square tests. Results: Of the 600 surveys administered, 264 surveys were completed by officials from 45 countries (44% response rate). Of the respondents, 72% were male, and 28% were female, with a mean age of 31.1 ± 5.8 years. Officiating experience averaged 11.4 ± 6.0 years (6.3 ± 4.5 years with the IIHF). A total of 295 injuries were reported by 55% of the officials. Injuries occurred more frequently during games compared with training, and officials who worked year-round had more total injuries than those who took time off ( P = .03). The most common injuries involved the wrist and hand (n = 64 [22%]), head and face (n = 58 [20%]), and the knee (n = 47 [16%]). Wrist and hand trauma included 23 fractures. Knee and shoulder injuries were most likely to require surgery compared with other body areas ( P < .001); 30 officials underwent surgery because of an acute knee injury (10%). Injury prevention activities were effective at reducing injuries ( P = .04). Conclusion: Most ice hockey officials experienced musculoskeletal injuries during their career. The risk of trauma to the wrist and hand can possibly be reduced via equipment modifications including protective gloves. A greater emphasis should be placed on injury prevention programs and time away from officiating competitions.

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A térd- és lábszársérülések okozta országos epidemiológiai és egészségbiztosítási betegségteher Magyarországon

Varga

Elmer

Boncz

et al. 2021

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Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A térd és a lábszár sérülései jelentős terhet jelentenek az egyén és a társadalom számára. Célkitűzés: Elemzésünk célja volt a térd- és lábszársérülés okozta éves epidemiológiai és egészségbiztosítási betegségteher vizsgálata Magyarországon. Adatok és módszerek: Az elemzésben felhasznált adatok a Nemzeti Egészségbiztosítási Alapkezelő (NEAK) finanszírozási adatbázisából származnak, és a 2018. évet fedik le. Vizsgáltuk az éves egészségbiztosítási kiadásokat, azok megoszlását, az éves betegszámot, valamint a 100 000 lakosra vetített prevalenciát korcsoportok és nemek szerinti bontásban. A térd és a lábszár sérülései kórképeket a Betegségek Nemzetközi Osztályozása (BNO, 10. revízió) szerinti S80–S89-es kóddal azonosítottuk. Eredmények: A legköltségesebb ellátási forma az aktívfekvőbeteg-szakellátás volt, amelynek országos betegszáma összesen 18 398 fő (9868 fő férfi, 8530 fő nő) volt. Az aktívfekvőbeteg-szakellátás betegforgalmi adatai alapján a 100 000 főre eső prevalencia a férfiaknál 211,2 fő, a nőknél 167,0 fő, együtt 188,1 fő volt. A NEAK 8,808 milliárd Ft-ot költött 2018-ban a térd- és lábszársérülések kezelésére, ami 32,59 millió USD-nak, illetve 27,62 millió EUR-nak felelt meg. Az aktívfekvőbeteg-szakellátás a teljes egészségbiztosítási kiadás 61,4%-ával volt a legmeghatározóbb költségelem. A kiadások 52,0%-a férfiaknál, míg 48,0%-a nőknél jelent meg. A 49. életévig a férfiak, míg az 50. életév feletti korosztályban a nők sérüléseiből származó ellátások betegszámai és költségei a magasabbak. Következtetés: Az aktívfekvőbeteg-szakellátás bizonyult a fő költségtényezőnek. A betegség előfordulási gyakorisága 26%-kal volt magasabb a férfiak esetében, mint a nőknél. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(Suppl 1): 54–60. Summary. Introduction: Injuries to the knee and lower leg pose a great burden for the individual and society. Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the annual epidemiological disease burden and the health insurance treatment cost of knee and lower leg injuries in Hungary. Data and methods: Data were derived from the financial database of the National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA) of Hungary for the year 2018. The data analysed included annual health insurance costs and their distribution and annual patient numbers and prevalence per 100 000 population calculated for age groups and sex. Patients with knee and lower leg injuries were identified with the following code of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision: S80–S89. Results: The most expensive insurance treatment category was acute inpatient care, presenting 18 398 patients in total (9868 men, 8530 women). Based on patient numbers in acute inpatient care, the prevalence in 100 000 population among men was 211.2 patients, among women 167.0 patients, in total 188.1 patients. In 2018, NHIFA spent 8.808 billion HUF on the treatment of patients with knee and lower leg injuries (32.59 million USD, 27.62 million EUR). Acute inpatient care with 61.4% of the total health insurance expenditure was the main cost driver. 52.0% of the costs was spent on the treatment of male, while 48.0% on female patients. Until the age of 49, the number of patients and their costs were higher for men, while those over the age of 50 were higher for women. Conclusion: Acute inpatient care was the major cost driver. The prevalence of the disease was by 26% higher in men compared to women. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(Suppl 1): 54–60.

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Epidemiology and history of knee injury and its impact on activity limitation among football premier league professional referees

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Incidence of injury and pain in referees in German national handball leagues: a cohort study

Incidence of injury and pain in referees in German national handball leagues: a cohort study

Injuries to Ice Hockey Referees and Linesmen: A Survey of International Ice Hockey Federation Officials

A térd- és lábszársérülések okozta országos epidemiológiai és egészségbiztosítási betegségteher Magyarországon

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