Heart failure (HF) is a global health problem. Despite advances in the development of effective treatments for patients with heart failure, morbidity and mortality from remain high, and the prognosis is poor. However, there is potential to improve outcomes in HF patients with current disease-modifying therapy. Planning needs and resources, assessing the effectiveness of care for HF patients in clinical practice requires high-quality epidemiological data. Previously performed Russian observational studies of HF were characterized by relatively small sample sizes, inclusion of patients in only one or a few regions, strict selection criteria, single-stage design, or short follow-up. The rationale and design of the all-Russian prospective observational multicenter registry study "PRIORITET-CHF", which included 20000 patients with HF throughout the Russian Federation, is presented. The main aims of the study are to (1) describe baseline clinical and demographic characteristics in outpatients with HF in the Russian Federation and (2) characterize routine therapy and evaluate the compliance of treatment for HF with reduced ejection fraction with current clinical guidelines.