Epidemiology and Molecular Analyses of Influenza B Viruses in Senegal from 2010 to 2019

Touré, Cheikh Talibouya; Fall, Amary; Andriamandimby, Soa Fy; Jallow, Mamadou Malado; Goudiaby, Déborah; Kiori, Davy; Sy, Sara; Diaw, Yague; Ndiaye, Koba Ndiende; Mbaye, F.B.R.; Niang, Maguette Sylla; Heraud, Jean‐Michel; Dia, Ndongo

doi:10.3390/v14051063

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The emergence of the human 2009 pandemic H1N1 (H1N1pdm09) virus from swine populations refocused public and scientific attention on swine as an important source of IAVs bearing zoonotic potential and underlined the necessity of a continuous global surveillance of swIAVs [ 11 , 37 ]. Whilst much is known about the epidemiology of influenza in humans in Senegal [ 1 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], our understanding about the real situation and the genetic diversity of IAVs circulating in swine is largely unknown, hampering control measures and pandemic risk assessment. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted an active influenza surveillance in the single pig slaughterhouse in Dakar to illustrate the current situation of IAVs in swine populations in Senegal and to provide serologic evidence of AIV infection in pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influenza A Virus in Pigs in Senegal and Risk Assessment of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) Emergence and Transmission to Human

Jallow,

Barry,

Fall

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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We conducted an active influenza surveillance in the single pig slaughterhouse in Dakar to investigate the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of influenza A viruses (IAVs) and to provide serologic evidence of avian influenza virus (AIV) infection in pigs at interfaces with human populations in Senegal. Nasal swab and blood samples were collected on a weekly basis from the same animal immediately after slaughter. Influenza A viruses were diagnosed using RT-qPCR and a subset of positive samples for H3 and H1 subtypes were selected for full genome amplification and NGS sequencing. Serum samples were tested by HI assay for the detection of antibodies recognizing four AIVs, including H9N2, H5N1, H7N7 and H5N2. Between September 2018 and December 2019, 1691 swine nasal swabs were collected and tested. Influenza A virus was detected in 30.7% (520/1691), and A/H1N1pdm09 virus was the most commonly identified subtype with 38.07% (198/520), followed by A/H1N2 (16.3%) and A/H3N2 (5.2%). Year-round influenza activity was noted in pigs, with the highest incidence between June and September. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the IAVs were closely related to human IAV strains belonging to A/H1N1pdm09 and seasonal H3N2 lineages. Genetic analysis revealed that Senegalese strains possessed several key amino acid changes, including D204 and N241D in the receptor binding site, S31N in the M2 gene and P560S in the PA protein. Serological analyses revealed that 83.5% (95%CI = 81.6–85.3) of the 1636 sera tested were positive for the presence of antibodies against either H9N2, H5N1, H7N7 or H5N2. Influenza H7N7 (54.3%) and H9N2 (53.6%) were the dominant avian subtypes detected in Senegalese pigs. Given the co-circulation of multiple subtypes of influenza viruses among Senegalese pigs, the potential exists for the emergence of new hybrid viruses of unpredictable zoonotic and pandemic potential in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Influenza, also known as the flu, is a respiratory illness affecting around 1 billion individuals per year, with 3 to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,000 deaths worldwide [ 1 ]. It is caused by viruses belonging to the Orthomyxoviridae family, which consists of segmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA viruses [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza A Virus in Pigs in Senegal and Risk Assessment of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) Emergence and Transmission to Human

Jallow,

Barry,

Fall

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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“…HA is divided into 18 subtypes, while NA is divided into 11 subtypes (Duraes- Carvalho and Salemi, 2018). In contrast, the influenza B virus has only one subtype, which is further divided into two lineages: Victoria lineage and Yamagata lineage based on the antigenic characteristics and HA sequence of influenza B (Hay et al, 2001;Toure et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory RNA viruses: Molecular mechanisms of viral replication and pathogenicity

2024

Frontiers Research Topics

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Frontiers is more than just an open access publisher of scholarly articles: it is a pioneering approach to the world of academia, radically improving the way scholarly research is managed. The grand vision of Frontiers is a world where all people have an equal opportunity to seek, share and generate knowledge. Frontiers provides immediate and permanent online open access to all its publications, but this alone is not enough to realize our grand goals. Frontiers journal seriesThe Frontiers journal series is a multi-tier and interdisciplinary set of openaccess, online journals, promising a paradigm shift from the current review, selection and dissemination processes in academic publishing. All Frontiers journals are driven by researchers for researchers; therefore, they constitute a service to the scholarly community. At the same time, the Frontiers journal series operates on a revolutionary invention, the tiered publishing system, initially addressing specific communities of scholars, and gradually climbing up to broader public understanding, thus serving the interests of the lay society, too. Dedication to qualityEach Frontiers article is a landmark of the highest quality, thanks to genuinely collaborative interactions between authors and review editors, who include some of the world's best academicians. Research must be certified by peers before entering a stream of knowledge that may eventually reach the public -and shape society; therefore, Frontiers only applies the most rigorous and unbiased reviews. Frontiers revolutionizes research publishing by freely delivering the most outstanding research, evaluated with no bias from both the academic and social point of view. By applying the most advanced information technologies, Frontiers is catapulting scholarly publishing into a new generation. What are Frontiers Research Topics?Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers journals series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area.

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“…HA is divided into 18 subtypes, while NA is divided into 11 subtypes ( Duraes-Carvalho and Salemi, 2018 ). In contrast, the influenza B virus has only one subtype, which is further divided into two lineages: Victoria lineage and Yamagata lineage based on the antigenic characteristics and HA sequence of influenza B ( Hay et al, 2001 ; Toure et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization and whole-genome sequencing-based genetic analysis of influenza virus in Jining City during 2021–2022

Li¹,

Liu²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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BackgroundThe influenza virus poses a significant threat to global public health due to its high mutation rate. Continuous surveillance, development of new vaccines, and public health measures are crucial in managing and mitigating the impact of influenza outbreaks.MethodsNasal swabs were collected from individuals with influenza-like symptoms in Jining City during 2021-2022. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect influenza A viruses, followed by isolation using MDCK cells. Additionally, nucleic acid detection was performed to identify influenza A H1N1, seasonal H3N2, B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata strains. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted on 24 influenza virus strains, and subsequent analyses included characterization, phylogenetic construction, mutation analysis, and assessment of nucleotide diversity.ResultsA total of 1,543 throat swab samples were collected. The study revealed the dominance of the B/Victoria influenza virus in Jining during 2021-2022. Whole-genome sequencing showed co-prevalence of B/Victoria influenza viruses in the branches of Victoria clade 1A.3a.1 and Victoria clade 1A.3a.2, with a higher incidence observed in winter and spring. Comparative analysis demonstrated lower similarity in the HA, MP, and PB2 gene segments of the 24 sequenced influenza virus strains compared to the Northern Hemisphere vaccine strain B/Washington/02/2019. Mutations were identified in all antigenic epitopes of the HA protein at R133G, N150K, and N197D, and the 17-sequence antigenic epitopes exhibited more than 4 amino acid variation sites, resulting in antigenic drift. Moreover, one sequence had a D197N mutation in the NA protein, while seven sequences had a K338R mutation in the PA protein.ConclusionThis study highlights the predominant presence of B/Victoria influenza strain in Jining from 2021 to 2022. The analysis also identified amino acid site variations in the antigenic epitopes, contributing to antigenic drift.

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Epidemiology and Molecular Analyses of Influenza B Viruses in Senegal from 2010 to 2019

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Influenza A Virus in Pigs in Senegal and Risk Assessment of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) Emergence and Transmission to Human

Influenza A Virus in Pigs in Senegal and Risk Assessment of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) Emergence and Transmission to Human

Respiratory RNA viruses: Molecular mechanisms of viral replication and pathogenicity

Genetic characterization and whole-genome sequencing-based genetic analysis of influenza virus in Jining City during 2021–2022

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