Epidemiology and molecular characterization of the re-emerging measles virus among children and adults in the Haut-Ogooue, Gabon

Lekana-Douki, Sonia Etenna; Sir-Ondo-Enguier, Pater Noster; Banga-Mve-Ella, Octavie; Imboumy-Limoukou, Roméo Karl; Maganga, Gaël Darren; Lékana-Douki, Jean-Bernard; Berthet, Nicolás

doi:10.1186/s12879-019-3731-y

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Our phylogenetic analyses supported evidence from one previous study [ 17 ] that there is exclusive circulation of the B3 measles genotype in Senegal, as in several other sub-Saharan African [ 39 , 40 ], European [ 7 , 31 , 41 , 42 ] and Asian [ 32 ] countries. This differs to some settings in Europe, including France Italy and Romania where co-circulation of genotypes D8 and B3 have been detected [ 7 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Measles and Rubella Incidence and Molecular Epidemiology in Senegal: Temporal and Regional Trends during Twelve Years of National Surveillance, 2010–2021

Jallow

Sadio

Mendy

et al. 2022

Viruses

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We investigated the epidemiology of measles and rubella infections in Senegal based on data from twelve consecutive years of laboratory-based surveillance (2010–2021) and conducted phylogenetic analyses of circulating measles viruses. Sera from measles-suspected cases were collected and tested for measles and rubella-specific IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Throat swabs were collected from patients with clinically diagnosed measles for confirmation by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and viral genotyping. Among 8082 laboratory-tested specimens from measles-suspected cases, serological evidence of measles and rubella infection was confirmed in 1303/8082 (16.1%) and 465/6714 (6.9%), respectively. The incidence of rubella is now low—0.8 (95% CI 0.4–1.3) cases per million people in 2021—whereas progress towards measles pre-elimination targets (<1.0 case per million people per year) appears to have stalled; there were 10.8 (95% CI 9.3–12.5) cases per million people in 2021. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all Senegalese measles strains belonged to genotype B3. The rubella virus sequence obtained in this study was consistent with genotype 1C. Our national surveillance data suggest that despite their low incidence both measles and rubella remain endemic in Senegal with a concerning stagnation in the decline of measles infections that represents a significant challenge to the goal of regional elimination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Measles and Rubella Incidence and Molecular Epidemiology in Senegal: Temporal and Regional Trends during Twelve Years of National Surveillance, 2010–2021

Jallow

Sadio

Mendy

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…1 This is due to the nature of this disease transmission by respiratory droplets or airborne spray. [4][5][6]24 Our study revealed that the cases had contact history with another confirmed case at home, school, or other public spaces. This finding is consistent with other studies where individuals who had a contact history with measles cases had a higher risk of acquiring infection compared to those had no contact during outbreak.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…This finding is inline with other studies that revealed that measles cases related to non-vaccination status. 5,6,[22][23][24][25][26] Measles vaccination increases the immunity against measles [1][2][3][4] and high vaccination coverage reduces the risk of measles infection in the community. 24,27,28 Provision of measles vaccine is included in the Complete Routine Immunization Program recommended by the MoH of Indonesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,4 Clinical manifestations including fever, malaise, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, followed by maculopapular rash. 1,5,6 The rash develop from the upper face and neck and gradually spreading downward. 1,2 Severe measles and complications are likely occur among young children with immune deficiency disorders, malnutrition, and vitamin A deficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Being unvaccinated and contact with measles cases as the risk factors of measles outbreak, North Sumatera, Indonesia

Sitepu¹,

Depari²,

Mudatsir

et al. 2020

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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Background: Measles is a highly contagious and a vaccine-preventable disease. On 14 August 2015, a measles outbreak was reported in Langkat District, North Sumatra province of Indonesia. To investigate the risk factors of the outbreak and to recommend control measures, an epidemiological investigation was undertaken. Method: A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted. All suspect and confirmed cases were recruited and included. Controls were healthy neighbors of cases, matched for age and gender. House-to-house search for cases was carried out. Structural interviews were conducted to solicit demographic data, clinical data, as well as the risk factors. A two-step logistic regression was employed to assess the potential risk factors associated with the infection. Results: During 20 July to 25 September 2015, a total of 28 measles cases were identified with no death. All tested blood samples were positive for measles-specific IgM antibodies confirming the outbreak. All cases presented with fever and rash; cough (80%), coryza (65%), and conjunctivitis (25%). The attack rate (AR) was 14.1% (age ranged between 1 and 14 years old), the highest AR (50.0%) occurred among those aged 1-4 years. In multivariate model, those who have not received measless vaccication and those who had contact with a measles case had higher odds of having infection, with adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.31 (95%CI: 1.22-4.27) and aOR: 1.15 (95%CI: 1.12-3.70), respectively. Conclusions: Being unvaccinated and having a contact history increased the risk of measles are two risk factors of measles infection. A mass measles immunization to the school children was undertaken and a strict measles surveillance and notification system were recommended to control the transmission in the future.

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“…Briefly, RNA samples were prepared from clinical specimens, including throat swabs and stool and blister swabs using a QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). To confirm enterovirus infections, a one-step real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers and hydrolysis probes targeting the conserved region of 5′-UTR was performed [ 22 , 23 ]. The PCR assay modification was as follows: qScript XLT one-step rt-qpcr toughmix (Quantabio, MA, USA) was used as the master mix, and each reaction had ten pmol each of forward EQ1 (5′-ACATGGTGTGAAGAGTCTATTGAGCT-3′) and reverse primers EQ2 (5′-CCAAAGTAGTCGGTTCCGC-3′) and 2.5 pmol of probe EPmod (5′-ATTAGCCGCATTCAGGGGCCGGA-3′).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Human Enterovirus Co-Circulations in Five Kindergartens in Bangkok between July 2019 and January 2020

Sittikul

Batty

Yodsawat

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Human enterovirus causes various clinical manifestations in the form of rashes, febrile illness, flu-like illness, uveitis, hand–foot–mouth disease (HFMD), herpangina, meningitis, and encephalitis. Enterovirus A71 and coxsackievirus are significant causes of epidemic HFMD worldwide, especially in children aged from birth to five years old. The enterovirus genotype variants causing HFMD epidemics have been reported increasingly worldwide in the last decade. We aim to use simple and robust molecular tools to investigate human enteroviruses circulating among kindergarten students at genotype and subgenotype levels. With the partial 5′-UTR sequencing analysis as a low-resolution preliminary grouping tool, ten enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus clusters were identified among 18 symptomatic cases and 14 asymptomatic cases in five kindergartens in Bangkok, Thailand, between July 2019 and January 2020. Two occurrences of a single clone causing an infection cluster were identified (EV-A71 C1-like subgenotype and coxsackievirus A6). Random amplification-based sequencing using MinION (Oxford Nanopore Technology) helped identify viral transmission between two closely related clones. Diverse genotypes co-circulating among children in kindergartens are reservoirs for new genotype variants emerging, which might be more virulent or better at immune escape. Surveillance of highly contagious enterovirus in communities is essential for disease notifications and controls.

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Epidemiology and molecular characterization of the re-emerging measles virus among children and adults in the Haut-Ogooue, Gabon

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Measles and Rubella Incidence and Molecular Epidemiology in Senegal: Temporal and Regional Trends during Twelve Years of National Surveillance, 2010–2021

Measles and Rubella Incidence and Molecular Epidemiology in Senegal: Temporal and Regional Trends during Twelve Years of National Surveillance, 2010–2021

Being unvaccinated and contact with measles cases as the risk factors of measles outbreak, North Sumatera, Indonesia

Diversity of Human Enterovirus Co-Circulations in Five Kindergartens in Bangkok between July 2019 and January 2020

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