Epidemiology and neuropsychiatric manifestations of Young Onset Parkinson's Disease in the United States

Abstract

Background To determine the demographic distribution of Young Onset Parkinson’s Disease (YOPD) in the United States and to quantify the burden of neuropsychiatric disease manifestations. Methods Cross sectional study of 3,459,986 disabled Americans, aged 30 to 54, who were receiving Medicare benefits in the year 2005. We calculated race and sex distributions of YOPD and used logistic regression to compare the likelihood of common and uncommon psychiatric disorders between beneficiaries with YOPD and the general disability beneficiary population, adjusting for race, age, and sex. Results We identified 14,354 Medicare beneficiaries with YOPD (prevalence = 414.9 per 100,000 disabled Americans). White men comprised the majority of cases (48.9%), followed by White women (34.7%), Black men (6.8%), Black women (5.0%), Hispanic men (2.4%), and Hispanic women (1.2%). Asian men (0.6%) and Asian women (0.4%) were the least common race sex pairs with a YOPD diagnosis in this population (chi square, p<0.001). Compared to the general population of medically disabled Americans, those with YOPD were more likely to receive medical care for depression (OR: 1.89, 1.83-1.95), dementia (OR: 7.73, 7.38-8.09), substance abuse/dependence (OR: 3.00, 2.99-3.01), and were more likely to be hospitalized for psychosis (OR: 3.36, 3.19-3.53), personality/impulse control disorders (OR: 4.56, 3.28-6.34), and psychosocial dysfunction (OR: 3.85, 2.89-5.14). Conclusions Young Onset Parkinson’s Disease is most common among white males in our study population. Psychiatric illness, addiction, and cognitive impairment are more common in YOPD than in the general population of disabled Medicare beneficiaries. These may be key disabling factors in YOPD.

Clinical spectrum of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease

“…17 BED, also referred to in the literature as pathological overeating, occurs in approximately 2% of the general U.S. population. 18 The few studies done to date suggest that ICDs may be more common, overall, in treated PD patients, compared to healthy controls (HCs), 19,20 or similarly disabled non-PD patients, 21,22 although one recent study suggested otherwise. 23 Determining the frequency of impulse control symptoms in de novo, untreated PD patients would help answer the question of whether PD itself confers an increased (or indeed decreased) risk for experiencing such symptoms.…”

Methamphetamine/amphetamine abuse and risk of Parkinson's disease in Utah: A population-based assessment

“…A subset of models were adjusted for presence or absence of tobacco use in the patient data (ICD-9-CM codes 305.1, tobacco use disorders; 989.84, toxic effect of tobacco; and V15.82, history tobacco use history). In addition to gender, PD prevalence differs between racial and ethnic groups (Willis et al, 2013). Most individuals living in Utah are whites of non-Hispanic ethnicity (80%), with the largest minority population comprised of Hispanic or Latino individuals of any race (13%; Utah Governor’s Office of Planning and Budget, 2012).…”

Impulsive and Compulsive Behaviors in Parkinson's Disease

“…In addition, young-onset PD patients, who are more likely to develop ICBs, are significantly more likely to have co-morbid depression, substance abuse/dependence, personality/impulse control disorders, and psychosocial dysfunction relative to 3.5 million disabled Americans, aged 30–54 adjusting for race, age, and sex (Willis, Schootman et al 2013). Some authors have suggested that the development of ICBs may reflect a coping mechanism following a diagnosis of PD (Delaney, Leroi et al 2012).…”