Epidemiology and outcome analysis of scalds in children caused by “guo lian kang”: An 11-year review in a burn center in China

Zhu, Liqiang; Zhang, Hong; Shi, Fusheng; Yi, Dong; Zhu, Guangjun

doi:10.1016/j.burns.2014.07.013

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Children who fell in hot water tub while playing were (5.5%), whereas splashing of hot milk occurred in (5.5%) of the cases (Table -3 (5). One of the prominent reasons of such incidences among children is the casual attitude of mothers who leave their children unattended, which is supported by the view that all such causalities are reported domestically and when mothers are engaged in some other work also in addition of doing kitchen work.In an 11-year review in a burn center in China in 2015 conducted by Zhu L, Zhang H, Shi F, Yi D, Zhu G supports our study (6).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Scald Burns, Children a Vulnerable Vicitm

Sukhera¹,

Hassaan²,

Naveed³

et al. 2021

PJMHS

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This retrospective study spans over a period of two years and included 18 scald cases all of them were accidental in nature. Majority of the reported cases were children who sustained scalds of more than 50% of the area of the body. Analysis of the data was done on the bases of age, gender, site where incidence took place, nature of injury, causative agent, duration patient survived and manner of death. There were 18 male cases and 6 female cases, all died due to incidence of scald. All reported cases were domestic in nature. Upper part of the body was affected in majority of the cases and boiling water was the main source of scalds. The surface area affected in all cases was more than 50% which was calculated with the help of rule of nine. The cause of death in majority of the cases was septicemia. Aim: The aim of the study is to explore of causative factors of wet burns in young age group. Methodology: This study is based on retrospective data which was conducted between the years January 2000 to December 2002. During this time period total of 16 cases of death due to hot liquid i.e. scalds were reported for autopsy nearly all of them belonged to young age group. Results: The reported cases in our study were males (67.8%) and females (32.2%), the ratio of male to female was 2:1. The common age group effected was children ranging from 1-12 years (59.01%), followed by adults in the age group of 35 -45 (17.12%) years. Majority of the incidences were domestic in nature72.2%. more than 70% of the incidences took place at home and more than 85% of the body area affected was thorax. Hot boiling water was the main cause of scalds. Conclusion: Scalds appear to be one of the most common type of burns encountered in children, the major contributing factor is the ignorance on the part of the mother. All studies have proven one common thing that onus of responsibility rest on the shoulders of the parents, who should take the responsibility and be more vigilant so that such incidences should be avoided. Key Words: Scalds, wet burns, adolescents.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Scald Burns, Children a Vulnerable Vicitm

Sukhera¹,

Hassaan²,

Naveed³

et al. 2021

PJMHS

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“…A total of 81 % of pediatric patients received no further cold water treatment in such hospitals, which was inappropriate. Therefore, emergency and community physicians also require further education about appropriate burn treatment [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of burns in pediatric patients of Beijing City

Wang

Shen

et al. 2016

BMC Pediatr

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BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric burns in Beijing City.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of pediatric patients (n = 400) admitted to four burn centers in Beijing City between June 2010 and May 2011. Burn severity was determined according to total body surface area (TBSA) percentage and degree. Patients were followed up for one year. Multivariate analyses were carried out to determine the factors (burn etiology, time and place of injury, living conditions, hospital type, first-aid treatment methods, and parent/guardian knowledge of burns, educational level, occupation) affecting burn properties (severity and pigmentation/scar).Results191/400 (47.8 %) patients were aged 2-3 years, and scalding was the leading etiology (355/400, 88.8 %). Burn incidence peaked in May (14.8 %), at 10:00-12:00 and 17:00-20:00. Most burn events occurred indoors (272/400, 68.0 %), especially in the kitchen (180/400, 45.0 %). Roughly half of them involved head and neck; 188 (47.0 %) patients had mild burns, 140 (35.0 %) moderate, 44 (11.0 %) extensive, and 28 (7.0 %) critical burns; 184 (46.0 %) patients were treated only with cold-water rinsing or compress; 120 (30.0 %) received no first aid. Only 32 (8.0 %) patients visited a specialized institution. 164 patients underwent surgery. Hospitalization lasted for 14.8 ± 8.1 days. Independent risk factors for burn severity were occurrence month, living conditions, occupation of the mother, and first aid. 288 (72.0 %) patients developed pigmentation and scar within a year while no independent risk factors was observed.ConclusionsPediatric burns often occurred indoors, especially in the kitchen, and a substantial proportion receives no first aid.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-016-0686-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Most studies on burn epidemiology in China have been limited to specific types of burns, such as pediatric456, geriatric7, chemical8, electrical9, bedside stove1011 and severe extensive burns12. Several studies have focused on the overall population of burn patients in different regions, including Beijing13, Shanghai14, Hong Kong15 and military hospitals16.…”

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and outcome analysis of 6325 burn patients: a five-year retrospective study in a major burn center in Southwest China

Yao

Tan

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Burns are a major cause of injury worldwide. We investigated the epidemiology and outcomes of burn patients in a major burn center in southwest China between 2011 and 2015 to provide guidance for burn prevention. Of the 6,325 included burn patients, 66.8% were male and 34.7% were 0 ~ 6 years old. The incidence of burns peaked in autumn. Scald was the most common cause of burns, which was predominant in patients aged 0 ~ 6 years. The mean total body surface area (TBSA) of burns was 13.4%, and patients with burns ≤10% TBSA comprised 64.1% of all cases. Patients with full-thickness burns accounted for 40.1% of all patients and 81.0% of operated patients; these burns were primarily caused by flame (34.8%), scald (21.0%), and electricity (20.4%). Fifty-six deaths occurred (mortality 0.9%), and risk factors included full-thickness burns, larger TBSA and older age. The median length of stay was 17 days, and major risk factors included more operations, better outcomes and larger TBSA. Our data showed that closer attention should be paid to children under 6 years old, males, incidents in autumn and scald burns to prevent burn injuries. Furthermore, individualized burn prevention and treatment measures based on related risk factors should be adopted.

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Epidemiology and outcome analysis of scalds in children caused by “guo lian kang”: An 11-year review in a burn center in China

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Scald Burns, Children a Vulnerable Vicitm

Scald Burns, Children a Vulnerable Vicitm

Epidemiology of burns in pediatric patients of Beijing City

Epidemiology and outcome analysis of 6325 burn patients: a five-year retrospective study in a major burn center in Southwest China

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