Epidemiology and outcome of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in Salt Lake City: Sex‐based investigations

Abstract

ObjectivesPrior research indicates sex disparities in the incidence and outcomes of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This study investigates the presence of such differences in Salt Lake City, Utah.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Salt Lake City Fire Department (2008‒2023). We included adults with non‐traumatic OHCA. We calculated the annual incidence of OHCA and examined sex‐specific survival outcomes using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for OHCA characteristics known to be associated with survival.ResultsThe annual incidence of OHCA was 76 per 100,000 person‐years. Among the 894 OHCA cases included in the analysis, 67.5% were males, 37.3% achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and 13.6% survived hospital discharge. Unadjusted analysis revealed that males had significantly higher OHCA in public locations (43.9% vs. 28.6%), witnessed arrests (54.5% vs. 47.8%), and shockable rhythms (33.3% vs. 22.9%). Males also showed higher rates of ROSC (37.5% vs. 36.9%), hospital discharge survival (14.5% vs. 11.7%), and neurologically intact survival. After adjusting for the OHCA characteristics, there was no significant differences between males and females in ROSC, survival to hospital discharge, and favorable neurological function with adjusted odds ratios (male vs. female) of 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73‒1.16), 0.85 (95% CI 0.59‒1.22), and 0.92 (95% CI 0.62‒1.40), respectively.ConclusionApproximately, 128 adults suffer OHCA in Salt Lake City annually. Males initially showed higher crude survival rates, but after adjusting for OHCA characteristics, no significant sex differences in survival outcomes were found. Enhancing OHCA characteristics could benefit both sexes. Investigations into the relationship between sex‐ and region‐specific factors influencing OHCA outcomes are needed.

Examining the association between ethnicity and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest interventions in Salt Lake City, Utah

“…We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing data obtained from the Salt Lake City Fire Department (SLCFD) Utstein-Style Cardiac Arrest Registry in Salt Lake City, Utah. The SLCFD EMS serves a population of approximately 210,000 within a 111-square-mile area, with an annual incidence of 128 OHCA cases [24] .The department comprises approximately 340 Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) providers, strategically distributed across 14 stations with 22 responding units. The local 911 dispatch center employs a tiered dispatch response matrix, guided by the Medical Priority Dispatch System protocols.…”