Epidemiology and pathogenesis of paranasal sinus mycoses

Chakrabarti, Arunaloke; Sharma, Subhash C.; Chandler, James R.

doi:10.1177/019459988910700606.1

Cited by 110 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In Western countries, A. fumigatus is the most important Aspergillus species that causes invasive aspergillosis and aspergilloma. On the other hand, A. flavus is the most common one associated with human disease in our locality and in other Asian countries (2,22). In our previous study, we demonstrated that A. flavus is responsible for causing 38% whereas A. fumigatus is responsible for causing only 19% of invasive mold diseases in bone marrow transplant recipients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Association of Presence of Aspergillus Antibodies with Hemoptysis in Patients with Old Tuberculosis or Bronchiectasis but No Radiologically Visible Mycetoma

et al. 2004

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Old tuberculosis and bronchiectasis are the two most important causes of chronic structural changes of lungs in our locality. In the absence of radiologically visible mycetoma, the cause of hemoptysis in these two groups of patients is largely unknown. A 17-month prospective study was carried out to compare the prevalence of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus antibodies in hemoptysis patients with old tuberculosis or bronchiectasis but no radiologically visible mycetoma (cases, n ‫؍‬ 38), hemoptysis patients with other diagnosis (control group 1, n ‫؍‬ 29), and patients with old tuberculosis or bronchiectasis but no hemoptysis (control group 2, n ‫؍‬ 47) by a recently developed sensitive and specific A. fumigatus and A. flavus antibody assay. There were a significantly larger number of patients with antibody against A. fumigatus or A. flavus among the cases than among the patients in control groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05 in both comparisons). Molds were not recovered from any of the patients. Among the 10 cases with Aspergillus antibody, eight and two had antibody against A. flavus and A. fumigatus, respectively. We conclude that there was an association between the presence of Aspergillus antibodies and hemoptysis in patients with old tuberculosis or bronchiectasis, suggesting that these patients probably had occult infections caused by the corresponding fungi. Development of serological tests against other Aspergillus species as well as other causes of mycetoma will probably increase the detection of occult mold infections in patients with existing parenchymal lung diseases, and treatment of fungal microinvasion may help to alleviate hemoptysis in these patients with bronchiectasis or old tuberculosis who have Aspergillus antibodies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Association of Presence of Aspergillus Antibodies with Hemoptysis in Patients with Old Tuberculosis or Bronchiectasis but No Radiologically Visible Mycetoma

et al. 2004

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“…flavus is more likely to be recovered from the upper respiratory tract than any other Aspergillus species (Chakrabarti et al, 1992;Hussain et al, 1995;Iwen et al, 1997;Kennedy et al, 1997;Panda et al, 1998). Clinical presentations of Aspergillus rhinosinusitis include acute and chronic invasive, chronic granulomatous and noninvasive syndromes (Hope et al, 2005).…”

Section: Rhinosinusitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Florid granulomatous inflammation is the histological hallmark of this condition. Interestingly, almost all reports come from the Sudan (Milosev et al, 1969;Gumaa et al, 1992;Yagi et al, 1999), Saudi Arabia (Alrajhi et al, 2001) and the Indian subcontinent (Chakrabarti et al, 1992;Ramani et al, 1994;Panda et al, 2004). There are a limited number of reports in the USA, which appear to affect almost exclusively African-Americans (Currens et al, 2002).…”

Section: Rhinosinusitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sinus aspergilloma (fungus ball) is also usually caused by A. fumigatus and such infections caused by A. flavus are less frequent in developed countries (Milosev et al, 1969;Stammberger et al, 1984;Ferreiro et al, 1997). Again, A. flavus is more commonly isolated from patients in India, Sudan and other tropical countries (Panda et al, 1998;Yagi et al, 1999;Chakrabarti et al, 1992;Milosev et al, 1969).…”

Section: Allergic Fungal Sinusitis (Afs) and Sinus Aspergillomamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aspergillus flavus: human pathogen, allergen and mycotoxin producer

et al. 2007

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Aspergillus infections have grown in importance in the last years. However, most of the studies have focused on Aspergillus fumigatus, the most prevalent species in the genus. In certain locales and hospitals, Aspergillus flavus is more common in air than A. fumigatus, for unclear reasons. After A. fumigatus, A. flavus is the second leading cause of invasive aspergillosis and it is the most common cause of superficial infection. Experimental invasive infections in mice show A. flavus to be 100-fold more virulent than A. fumigatus in terms of inoculum required. Particularly common clinical syndromes associated with A. flavus include chronic granulomatous sinusitis, keratitis, cutaneous aspergillosis, wound infections and osteomyelitis following trauma and inoculation. Outbreaks associated with A. flavus appear to be associated with single or closely related strains, in contrast to those associated with A. fumigatus. In addition, A. flavus produces aflatoxins, the most toxic and potent hepatocarcinogenic natural compounds ever characterized. Accurate species identification within Aspergillus flavus complex remains difficult due to overlapping morphological and biochemical characteristics, and much taxonomic and population genetics work is necessary to better understand the species and related species. The flavus complex currently includes 23 species or varieties, including two sexual species, Petromyces alliaceus and P. albertensis. The genome of the highly related Aspergillus oryzae is completed and available; that of A. flavus in the final stages of annotation. Our understanding of A. flavus lags far behind that of A. fumigatus. Studies of the genomics, taxonomy, population genetics, pathogenicity, allergenicity and antifungal susceptibility of A. flavus are all required.

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“…On basis of these reports it was postulated that young adult males who commonly go to the field in a hot, dry climate sustain frequent mucosal injuries of paranasal sinuses and acquire the agent from the field. [9] The incidence of paranasal sinus mycoses (fungal sinusitis) is significantly higher in Sudan, Saudi Arabia and south western states of USA and north India, which have hot and dry climate. North India has been identified as an endemic zone of paranasal sinus mycoses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico-Mycological Profile of Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis (AFRS) In a Tertiary Care Hospital

Virdi¹,

Mohi²

2017

Ann. Int. Med. Den.Res.

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Background: Fungus has been associated with the history of human civlization from time immemorial. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is the most advanced form of chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis is generally recognized as a disease distinct from other fungal forms of sinusitis. The incidence of AFRS has increased dramatically in recent years. FRS has always remained a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Therefore this study was undertaken to correlate mycological and clinical aspects AFRS in our region. Methods: Over one and a half year period 110 cases of FRS were studied. Characterization of cases was done on the basis of clinical presentation, direct microscopy and culture. The samples were subjected to direct microscopy by KOH preparation and were inoculated on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA). Identification of fungal isolates was done as per standard procedures. Results: Out of 110 cases, 57 (52%) cases were of AFRS. Among these males (63.1%) were predominantly involved as compared to females (36.9%). Majority of cases were seen in age group of 21-30 years. AFRS was more in the female from urban set-up. The most common clinical presentation was nasal discharge. 45.6% were positive for fungus by either direct microscopy or fungal culture or both. Aspergillus flavus was the commonest isolate (85%). Conclusion: The incidence of AFRS in our region was 52% and Aspergillus flavus was the commonest fungi.

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Epidemiology and pathogenesis of paranasal sinus mycoses

Cited by 110 publications

References 14 publications

Association of Presence of Aspergillus Antibodies with Hemoptysis in Patients with Old Tuberculosis or Bronchiectasis but No Radiologically Visible Mycetoma

Association of Presence of Aspergillus Antibodies with Hemoptysis in Patients with Old Tuberculosis or Bronchiectasis but No Radiologically Visible Mycetoma

Aspergillus flavus: human pathogen, allergen and mycotoxin producer

Clinico-Mycological Profile of Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis (AFRS) In a Tertiary Care Hospital

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