Epidemiology and Prognosis of Bacteremia: A 10-y Study in a Community Hospital

Javaloyas, M; García-Somoza, Dolores; Gudiol, Francesc

doi:10.1080/00365540110080629

Cited by 68 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Escherichia coli continues to be the single most frequently involved gram-negative organism in adult patients with either community-acquired or nosocomial bacteremia (12,29). Extraintestinal E. coli infections, including bacteremia, are caused predominantly by strains displaying a wide array of putative virulence factors, such as adhesins, iron acquisition systems, host defense-subverting mechanisms, and toxins.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationship of Phylogenetic Background, Biofilm Production, and Time to Detection of Growth in Blood Culture Vials with Clinical Variables and Prognosis Associated with Escherichia coli Bacteremia

Martínez¹,

Soto

Fàbrega

et al. 2006

J Clin Microbiol

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In patients with Escherichia coli bacteremia, data on the relationship of phylogenetic background, biofilm production, and degree of bacteremia with clinical variables and prognosis are scarce. During a 1-year period, all adults with bacteremia due to Escherichia coli diagnosed at a university center were enrolled. Determination of phylogenetic background, biofilm production, and genotyping was performed with all strains, and the time to positivity of blood culture vials was recorded. A total of 185 episodes of diverse-source E. coli bacteremia was analyzed. Strains of phylogroup D were predominant (52%). Phylogroup A isolates were associated with pneumonia and prior antibiotic intake, B1 with an abdominal source of infection, B2 with the absence of urological abnormalities, and D with urological abnormalities and age below 65 years. Resistance to antibiotics and no biofilm production were concentrated in phylogroup A strains. Biofilm production was not associated with any clinical variable. An immunocompromising condition (odds ratio [OR] ‫؍‬ 5.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] ‫؍‬ 1.4 to 17.9), peritonitis (OR ‫؍‬ 17, 95% CI ‫؍‬ 3.32 to 87), pneumonia (OR ‫؍‬ 9.97, 95% CI ‫؍‬ 1.96 to 50.6), and <7 h to bacteremia detection (OR ‫؍‬ 4.37, 95% CI ‫؍‬ 1.38 to 13.8) were the best predictors of a fatal outcome. Results from this study suggest that the distribution of phylogenetic backgrounds among E. coli strains involved in diverse-source bacteremia may be subject to geographical variation and that, in afflicted individuals, some high-risk sources, the patient's underlying condition, and the degree of bacteremia are more important than microbial factors in determining the outcome. Time to positivity of blood culture vials may be a variable of potential clinical impact.

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confidence: 99%

Relationship of Phylogenetic Background, Biofilm Production, and Time to Detection of Growth in Blood Culture Vials with Clinical Variables and Prognosis Associated with Escherichia coli Bacteremia

Martínez¹,

Soto

Fàbrega

et al. 2006

J Clin Microbiol

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“…aureus developed resistance shortly after the introduction of penicillin in 1940s, followed by methicillin resistance in 1961. Hitherto, numbers of publication have been reported concerning the resistance of S. aureus isolates to diverse spectrum of antibiotics [3,4] . S. aureus is causing a concern due to its ability to become resistant to antibiotics via acquired by horizontal transfer of genes and chromosomal mutation [5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen which is usually incriminated for a various kind of diseases ranging from skin infections to serious diseases, such as cellulitis, endocarditis and bacteremia [1][2][3] . Being commonly found on the skin and mucosae of food producing animal reservoirs, S. aureus is one of the most important worldwide food poisoning agents [1] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hayvansal Gıdalardan İzole Edilen Staphylococcus aureus’ların Antibiyotik Dirençlilik Gen Profilleri

Hızlısoy¹,

Onmaz²,

Karadal³

et al. 2018

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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In this study, the investigation of the antibiotic resistance gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from foods of animal origin was aimed. Totally, 95 S. aureus strains, obtained during a period between 2009 and 2012, from culture collection of the Food Hygiene and Technology Laboratory, were examined. The isolates were confirmed by phenotypic tests and PCR. The antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates were analyzed by disc diffusion method and the minimal inhibition concentrations of the antibiotics were determined by E test. PCR were also utilized for determining the presence of resistance genes including blaZ, ermA, ermC, tetK, tetM, mecA, VanA, VanB, VatA, VatB and aacA-aphD. Resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, vancomycin, erythromycin, cefoxitin, gentamycin and quinupristin-dalfopristin were evident as 81.1%, 28.4%, 18.9%, 17.9%, 9.4%, 9.4% and 3.2% respectively. E test results were compatible with the disc diffusion method. Multidrug resistance was observed from 29.5% of S. aureus isolates. Positive compatibility was observed between conventional methods and PCR for the resistance of the isolates, except for vancomycin. In addition, all of the tested isolates found to include a resistance gene for at least one antibiotic. In conclusion, more efficient interventions must be followed to control the redundant use of antibiotics in veterinary practice. Furthermore, appropriate control measures are needed to be implemented to reduce contamination and the spread of multiresistant S. aureus strains. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Animal origin foods, Multidrug resistance, Resistance genes, Staphylococcus aureus Hayvansal Gıdalardan İzole Edilen Staphylococcus aureus'ların Antibiyotik Dirençlilik Gen Profilleri

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“…Escherichia coli is the leading cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs) involving Gram-negative bacteria (16,37). The last 20 years have witnessed a striking increase in the number of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of E. coli, and this has had an important impact on the outcomes of BSIs (24).…”

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confidence: 99%

Costs of Bloodstream Infections Caused by Escherichia coli and Influence of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase Production and Inadequate Initial Antibiotic Therapy

Tumbarello

Spanu

Bidino³

et al. 2010

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

192

138

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Escherichia coli is the leading cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by Gram-negative bacteria. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains, particularly those producing extendedspectrum ␤-lactamases (ESBLs), increases the odds that empirically prescribed antimicrobial therapy for these infections will be inadequate, but the economic impact of this risk has not been fully evaluated. In the present retrospective 1-year analysis of 134 consecutive E. coli BSIs in our hospital, we explored the clinical and economic impacts of (i) inadequate initial antimicrobial treatment (IIAT) (i.e., empirical treatment with drugs to which the isolate had displayed in vitro resistance) of these infections and (ii) ESBL production by the bloodstream isolate. Cost data were obtained from the hospital accounting system. Compared with the 107 (79.8%) adequately treated patients, the 27 (20.1%) who received IIAT had a higher proportion of ESBL BSIs (74.0% versus 15.8%), longer (؉6 days) and more costly (؉EUR 4,322.00) post-BSI-onset hospital stays, and higher 21-day mortality rates (40.7% versus 5.6%). Compared with the 97 non-ESBL infections, the 37 (27.6%) ESBL BSIs were also associated with longer (؉7 days) and more costly (؉EUR 5,026.00) post-BSI-onset hospital stays and increased 21-day mortality (29.7% versus 6.1%). These findings confirm that the hospital costs and mortality associated with E. coli BSIs are significantly increased by ESBL production and by IIAT.Escherichia coli is the leading cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs) involving Gram-negative bacteria (16, 37). The last 20 years have witnessed a striking increase in the number of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of E. coli, and this has had an important impact on the outcomes of BSIs (24). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains and particularly those that produce extended-spectrum ␤-lactamases (ESBL) not only are endemic in many health care settings but also have become an important cause of communityacquired infections (1,27,28). These organisms are resistant to many of the antimicrobial agents usually recommended for the treatment of infections caused by E coli, so the odds are quite high that empirically prescribed antimicrobial therapy will be ineffective against these infections (4,9,18,22,23,25,26, 29,32,35).Our previous studies showed that failure to provide prompt, effective antimicrobial therapy for BSIs caused by ESBL-producing E. coli is associated with increased mortality and longer hospital stays (35, 36). Similar findings have been reported by others (15,18,20,24,31,32). Length of stay (LOS) has been identified as the single most important determinant of costs related to inpatient care for bacteremia (3). Inadequate initial antimicrobial therapy (IIAT) has been shown to increase hospitalization costs related to intra-abdominal and other sterilesite infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (33), but this issue has not been specifically explored with reference to BSIs caused by E....

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Epidemiology and Prognosis of Bacteremia: A 10-y Study in a Community Hospital

Cited by 68 publications

References 11 publications

Relationship of Phylogenetic Background, Biofilm Production, and Time to Detection of Growth in Blood Culture Vials with Clinical Variables and Prognosis Associated with Escherichia coli Bacteremia

Relationship of Phylogenetic Background, Biofilm Production, and Time to Detection of Growth in Blood Culture Vials with Clinical Variables and Prognosis Associated with Escherichia coli Bacteremia

Hayvansal Gıdalardan İzole Edilen Staphylococcus aureus’ların Antibiyotik Dirençlilik Gen Profilleri

Costs of Bloodstream Infections Caused by Escherichia coli and Influence of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase Production and Inadequate Initial Antibiotic Therapy

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