Epidemiology and risk factors for hepatitis C in Alaska Natives

McMahon, Brian J.; Hennessy, Thomas W.; Christensen, Clayton M.; Bruden, Dana; Sullivan, Daniel G.; Homan, Chriss; Deubner, Heike; Bruce, Michael G.; Livingston, Stephen; Williams, James L.; Gretch, David R.

doi:10.1002/hep.20046

Cited by 55 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We previously estimated a minimum prevalence of chronic HCV infection in the AN/AI population living in Alaska to be 0.82%, with the highest prevalence, 2.63%, found in those aged 40 to 59 years (29). This is less than the 1.8% prevalence reported for all groups in the United States, based on data from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Steatosis and hepatitis C in an Alaska Native/American Indian population

Livingstone

Deubner

McMahon

et al. 2006

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Objectives. To determine the prevalence and characteristics of steatosis in Alaska Natives/American Indians (AN/AI) with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Study Design. This outcomes study began in 1994, and 988 AN/AI have been enrolled, including 222 study patients with a positive HCV RNA who underwent liver biopsy. Methods. Study patients were analyzed for sex, age at biopsy, estimated length of infection, body mass index (BMI), genotype, ethanol use, HCV RNA and alanine aminotransferase levels. A pathologist blinded to patient identity and clinical data reviewed all biopsy slides for histologic activity and fibrosis. Results. Moderate to severe steatosis was found significantly more often in genotype 3 than in genotypes 1 and 2 (p = 0.008). On multivariate analysis, BMI > 30 and Ishak fibrosis score ≥ 2 were significantly associated with steatosis (p = 0.0013 and 0.0002, respectively), but only genotype 3 was associated with presence of moderate to severe steatosis (p = 0.008). Conclusions. Our findings in a cohort of AN/AI are consistent with results of previous studies in other groups that steatosis is associated with fibrosis in HCV and infection with genotype 3 is associated with more severe steatosis. (Int J Circumpolar Health 2006:65(3):253-260.)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Steatosis and hepatitis C in an Alaska Native/American Indian population

Livingstone

Deubner

McMahon

et al. 2006

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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“…However, other circumpolar regions outside of Canada had much lower prevalence rates. In Greenland, seropositivty for HCV was 0% to 1.5% and Alaska Native individuals had a seroprevalence of 0.8% [134][135][136].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological and molecular epidemiological outcomes after two decades of universal infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in Nunavut, Canada

Huynh¹,

Minuk

Uhanova

et al. 2017

Vaccine

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“…However, seroprevalence studies have come to disparate conclusions regarding the prevalence of hepatitis C in AI/AN. For example, in the largest study of AI/AN, the overall seroprevalence was just 0.82% [33] , which is lower than the overall seroprevalence in the US (1.8%) [34] . In contrast, studies of pregnant AI women in the US Southwest, urban AI/AN in the US Midwest, and AI/AN in the Veterans Affairs system showed seroprevalence rates of 11.5%, 3%, and 32%, respectively [35][36][37] .…”

Section: Hepatitis Cmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In contrast, studies of pregnant AI women in the US Southwest, urban AI/AN in the US Midwest, and AI/AN in the Veterans Affairs system showed seroprevalence rates of 11.5%, 3%, and 32%, respectively [35][36][37] . Part of the discrepancy in findings may be attributable to selection bias; the study from Alaska was a true population-based study [33] , whereas the others were convenience samples.…”

Section: Hepatitis Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic liver disease in Aboriginal North Americans

Scott

Garland

2008

WJG

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A structured literature review was performed to detail the frequency and etiology of chronic liver disease (CLD) in Aboriginal North Americans. CLD affects Aboriginal North Americans disproportionately and is now one of the most common causes of death. Alcoholic liver disease is the leading etiology of CLD, but viral hepatitis, particularly hepatitis C, is an important and growing cause of CLD. High rates of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are reported in regions of coastal British Columbia and southeastern Alaska. Non-alcoholic liver disease is a common, but understudied, cause of CLD. Future research should monitor the incidence and etiology of CLD and should be geographically inclusive. In addition, more research is needed on the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in this population.

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Epidemiology and risk factors for hepatitis C in Alaska Natives

Cited by 55 publications

References 28 publications

Steatosis and hepatitis C in an Alaska Native/American Indian population

Steatosis and hepatitis C in an Alaska Native/American Indian population

Serological and molecular epidemiological outcomes after two decades of universal infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in Nunavut, Canada

Chronic liver disease in Aboriginal North Americans

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