Epidemiology and surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma: New trends

Singal, Amit G.; Lampertico, Pietro; Nahon, Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2019.08.025

Cited by 798 publications

(683 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…The HIV status for these groups were not determined for this study, however, the 2018 HIV prevalence (from the 2018 sentinel surveillance report) for the entire Cape Coast Metropolitan Area was estimated to be 3.7% (17/500), which is a 0.4% increase from the previous year. [7][8][9]. Regardless of the advances in the pathogenesis, treatment, and public health response to (HCV), pregnancy related HCV has been neglected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C Sentinel Seroprevalence, Cape Coast, Ghana

Tetteh¹,

Aglagoh²,

Baffe³

et al. 2020

Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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Objectives: Sentinel studies have targeted prenatal women as they are largely descriptive of the reproductive bracket, and prevalence data may be extended to the general population. This study determined the seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the Cape Coast Metropolitan Hospital.Methods: Whole blood samples were collected from 258 pregnant women aged between 15-45 years, from September 1st through December 31st, 2018. Separated plasma was stored and later screened for HCV antibodies.Results: Out of the total, 2.7% (7/258) tested seropositive for HCV antibodies. The 20 -29 years age group recorded the highest prevalence of 1.6% (4/258, χ 2 = 4.260, p = 0.513). According to the 2018 HIV Sentinel Surveillance report, the prevalence of HIV infection in the Cape Coast Metropolitan Area was 3.4% (17/500). Also, the prevalence of HIV among the 20-29 years age group was 1.8% (9/500). The 15-24 years, proxy group for new infections recorded 0.8% (2/258) for HCV and 0.2% (1/500) for HIV infection. Conclusions:The seroprevalence determined in this study is classified 'intermediate,' according to the WHO guidelines for the care and treatment of persons diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.The WHO currently does not recommend routine HCV testing for pregnant women; however, this study highlights the need for urgent public health interventions aimed at reducing the infection rate. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(1):52-55.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C Sentinel Seroprevalence, Cape Coast, Ghana

Tetteh¹,

Aglagoh²,

Baffe³

et al. 2020

Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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“…Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become the second leading cause of cancer-associated death, which affects patients worldwide, and is associated with early recurrence and a poor response to chemotherapy (1,2). As our understanding of the roles of immune checkpoints in tumor cells and the surrounding non-tumor cells in the cancer microenvironment has advanced, novel technologies, such as Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition therapy, have been developed to target the immune environment of HCC to improve the prognosis of patients following HCC resection (3)(4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune system‑associated genes increase malignant progression and can be used to predict clinical outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Huang

Chen

et al. 2020

Int J Oncol

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most malignant types of cancer, and is associated with high recurrence rates and a poor response to chemotherapy. Immune signatures in the microenvironment of HCC have not been well explored systematically. The aim of the present study was to identify prognostic immune signatures and build a nomogram for use in clinical evaluation. Using bioinformatics analysis, RNA-seq data and overall survival (OS) information on 370 HCC cases from TCGA and 232 HCC cases from ICGC were analyzed. The differential expression of select immune genes, based on previously published studies, between HCC and adjacent tissue were analyzed using the limma package in R. Enrichment of pathways and gene ontology analysis was performed using clusterProfiler. Subsequently, univariate Cox regression analysis, Lasso penalty linear regression and multivariate Cox regression models were used to construct a model for immune risk score (IRS). The R packages, survival and survivalROC, were used to plot survival and the associated receiver operating characteristic curves. Infiltration of immune cells was calculated using Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource, with significance examined using a Pearson's correlation test. P<0.05 was considered significant. Based on the analysis, expression of 200 immune genes were upregulated and 47 immune genes were downregulated immune genes. In the multivariate Cox model, 5 genes (enhancer of zest homology 2, ferritin light chain, complement factor H related 3, isthmin 2, cyclin dependent kinase 5) were used to generate the IRS. By stratifying according to the median IRS, it was shown that patients with a high IRS had poor OS rates after 1, 2, 3 and 5 years, and this result was consistent across the testing, training and independent validation cohorts. Additionally, the IRS was correlated with the abundance of infiltrating immune cells. The nomogram built using IRS and clinical characteristics, was able to predict 1, 3 and 5 year OS with area under the curve values of >0.8. These results suggest that the model developed to calculate the IRS may be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment strategies and for prognostic prediction.

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“…HCC withdismal prognosis has brought great burdens for public health worldwide although the various prevalence of underlying risk factors in different areas 11,12 . Once discovered, a great deal of HCC patients have missed the best opportunity for surgical resection, following that 70% patients undertake recurrence within 5 years .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

KRT23 Acts as an Oncogene in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating P21 via PI3K/AKT/GSK3β Pathway

Guo¹,

Ma²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cancer worldwide for which diagnosis, treatment and progression are largely unknown. Keratin23 is a potential biomarker forHCC development; however, regulatory mechanisms underlying its expression remain unclear. Inthis research we explored the expression and effect of KRT23 underlying HCC development. Materials and methods:GEPIA was applied to analyze the expression of KRT23 in HCC samples and Kaplan-Merier survival analysis for patients’ prognosis. Next, IHC was further conducted for confirming its expression in HCC tissues. Meanwhile qRT-PCR and western blot analysis were applied to examine the expression of KRT23 on both mRNA and protein level in HCC cell lines compared with immortal hepatocyte LO2. Cell experiments including MTT assay, apoptosis analysis, cell cycle assay and clone formation assay were conducted for cell proliferation while transwell assay and scratch test for metastasis in vitro. Moreover, xenograft tumors in nude mice were further conducted for verification in vivo. As for mechanism in depth, immunofluorescence and western blot were operated to explore the effect of KRT23 on EMT and PI3K/AKT/GSK3βsignaling pathway. Furthermore, Co-immunoprecipitation was applied for interaction between KRT23 and P21. Functional rescue experiments were conducted to further testify their mutual effect.Results:For this research, we discovered the high expression of KRT23 in HCC samples and cell lines. Functionally, KRT23 knockdown reduced cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and vivo. Furthermore, KRT23 participated in EMT progression and interacted with P21 to mediate PI3K/AKT/GSK3βpathway in HCC development.Conclusion:To summarize, KRT23 accelerated HCC proliferation and metastasis by regulating P21 via PI3K/AKT/GSK3βpathway.

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Epidemiology and surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma: New trends

Cited by 798 publications

References 113 publications

Hepatitis C Sentinel Seroprevalence, Cape Coast, Ghana

Hepatitis C Sentinel Seroprevalence, Cape Coast, Ghana

Immune system‑associated genes increase malignant progression and can be used to predict clinical outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

KRT23 Acts as an Oncogene in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating P21 via PI3K/AKT/GSK3β Pathway

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