Epidemiology and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in Thailand

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent type of malignant liver tumor in Thailand. The high incidence rate of HCC reflects from chronic HBV infection in this endemic area. Some patients are asymptomatic at presentation whereas many of them presented at advanced stage of HCC with limited treatment options and grave outcome. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system and management allocation for HCC is widely accepted and used in many international guidelines including Thailand. Curative treatment is expected in early stage of HCC while palliative treatment, combination treatment and best supportive care are offered to advanced stage of HCC. The most effective strategy to prevent the development of HCC is prevention of HBV vertical transmission and treatment HBV or HCV infection. The purpose of this article is to update information of HCC in Thailand including epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestation, and treatment.

Natural disease progression and novel survival prediction model for hepatocellular carcinoma with spinal metastases: a 10-year single-center study

“…The Somers' D was 0.55 for the full model and 0.44 for the reduced model. The Royston & Sauerbrei's D statistic and R 2 D of the reduced model were 1.571 (SE 0.274) and 0.37 (95% CI 0.20-0.51), respectively. The calibration of the final model was visualized with a calibration plot, where predicted risk and observed outcomes were compared against one another within each of the different risk quantiles (Fig.…”

“…Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare type of cancer in Western countries; however, its prevalence in Eastern Asia and Southeast Asia is relatively high [1]. In Thailand, the age-standardized incidence rate of HCC was reported to be 22 per 100,000 person-years [2]. With improvements in diagnostic strategies, various anticancer therapies, and modern surgical and intervention techniques, the survival of HCC patients has increased by more than 2 years.…”

Animal Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prevention

“…These interventions could include lifestyle modifications to combat obesity, intake of whole grains in diet is associated with reduced risk of HCC [24], universal newborn immunization programs against HBV in the early nineties and screening for HCV before blood transfusions during the same time-period have been effective in preventing viral hepatitis infections. As a consequence of these public health measures, hepatitis virus associated HCC risk has greatly decreased in general population [25,26]. Several decades of research in large cohort studies have associated regular aspirin use with reduced HCC risk [27,28].…”

Natural disease progression and novel survival prediction model for hepatocellular carcinoma with spinal metastases: a 10-year single-center study

“…Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare type of cancer in Western countries; however, its prevalence in Eastern Asia and Southeast Asia is relatively high [1]. In Thailand, the age-standardized incidence rate of HCC was reported to be 22 per 100,000 person-years [2]. With improvements in diagnostic strategies, various anticancer therapies, and modern surgical and intervention techniques, the survival of HCC patients has increased by more than two years.…”