Epidemiology, Burden, and Association of Substance Abuse Amongst Patients With Cardiovascular Disorders: National Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Chelikam, Nikhila; Vyas, Vandit; Dondapati, Lavanya; Iskander, Beshoy; Patel, Ghanshyam; Jain, Siddhant; Singla, Tanvi; Bombaywala, Ali; Zarrate, Daniel; Debnath, Neha; Jain, Nitesh; Peela, Appala Suman; Patel, Urvish; Sharma, Vishal

doi:10.7759/cureus.27016

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This is proposed to occur through alcohol-mediated myocyte injury and autonomic dysfunction leading to an increased likelihood for the formation of atrial re-entry circuits, precipitating atrial fibrillation [ 17 ]. Chelikam et al, in the NHANES study, evaluated 263465 respondents with CVDs, in which marijuana (1.98, 1.98-1.98), injectable illegal drug use (2.15, 2.14-2.15), and cigarette smoking (1.55, 1.55-1.55) had significantly increased the risk CVDs [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Cerebrovascular Disease (CeVD): Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database

Patel¹,

Patel²,

Chowdhury³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background: Substance use continues to be on the rise in the United States and has been linked to new onset cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cerebrovascular disorders (CeVDs). We aimed to study the association between the types of substance use disorders (SUDs) with specific subtypes of CVDs and CeVDs among hospitalized patients using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database. Methods: A retrospective study of the NIS database (2016-2017) using the ICD-10-CM codes was performed. The hospitalizations with a secondary diagnosis of SUDs were identified. Weighted univariate analysis using the Chi-square test and multivariate survey logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate for the incidence, prevalence, and odds of association between vascular events and SUDs. Results: There were a total of 58,259,589 hospitalizations, out of which 21.42% had SUDs. SUDs were more common in the younger age group of 18-50, males, and the lower median household income group. We found a significant association of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with amphetamine dependence (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.23, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.14-1.33), cocaine-related disorders (1.17, 1.12-1.23), and nicotine dependence (1.42, 1.40-1.43). There was a significant association between intracerebral hemorrhage with amphetamine dependence (2.58, 2.26-2.93), cocaine-related disorders (1.62, 1.46-1.79), and alcohol-related disorders (1.35, 1.01-1.82). The association of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was noted to be higher with amphetamine dependence (1.82, 1.48-2.24) and nicotine dependence (1.47, 1.39-1.55). The patients with nicotine dependence had greater odds of having a myocardial infarction (1.85, 1.83-1.87), those with cocaine-related disorders had higher odds of having angina pectoris (2.21, 1.86-2.62), and patients with alcohol-related disorders had higher odds of developing atrial fibrillation (1.14, 1.11-1.17) in comparison to non-SUDs. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the variability of CVD and CeVD in patients hospitalized for SUD. Findings from our study may help promote increased awareness and early management of these events. Further studies are needed to evaluate the specific effects of frequency and dose on the incidence and prevalence of CVD and CeVD in patients with SUD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Cerebrovascular Disease (CeVD): Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database

Patel¹,

Patel²,

Chowdhury³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Men had significantly higher rates of substance abuse as compared to women in our study, predisposing them to conditions such as bacterial meningitis and hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke and other cardiovascular disorders. 30–33 Those using marijuana, injectable illicit drugs, and e-cigars are at particular risk. 30–32 Drug abusers 15–44 years of age are >6 times more likely to have a stroke than non-drug users.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 30–33 Those using marijuana, injectable illicit drugs, and e-cigars are at particular risk. 30–32 Drug abusers 15–44 years of age are >6 times more likely to have a stroke than non-drug users. 32 Alcoholism is considered an “immunocompromised” state according to Dias and colleagues, increasing a patient's susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections and causing neurological milieu.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Neurological Emergencies Presenting to Multiple Urban Level 1 Trauma Centers

Papa,

Cienki,

Wilson

et al. 2023

Neurotrauma Reports

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Previous studies have suggested that there are sex differences in the treatment and outcome of neurological emergencies; however, research identifying the role these sex differences play in the management of neurological emergencies is lacking. More knowledge of the way sex factors into the pathophysiology of neurological emergencies will be helpful in improving outcomes for these patients. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence and management of neurological emergencies while evaluating sex differences in the diagnosis and treatment of these emergencies. We analyzed a cohort of 530 adult patients from four level 1 trauma centers over a period of 4 weeks who had a chief complaint of a neurological emergency, including seizures, cerebrovascular events, headache disorders, traumatic brain injuries, and central nervous system infections. Among patients with neurological emergencies, a significantly lower proportion of female patients underwent neurosurgery and were admitted to the intensive care unit compared to male patients, but there were no significant differences between sexes in the time of symptom onset, type of hospital transportation, amount of neuroimaging performed, admission rates, hospital length of stay, and disposition from the emergency department. Although female patients were more likely to have a chief complaint of headache compared to traumatic injuries in male patients, this was not statistically significant. A significantly higher proportion of female patients had health insurance coverage than male patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiovascular diseases have become a significant global health burden [1]. Between 1990 and 2019, the global mortality rate of CHD further increased from 106.47/100,000 to 118.10/ 100,000, and the proportion of deaths to total deaths increased from 12.21% to 16.17%, making examinations, and laboratories, using a complex multilevel, stratified, and clustered sampling design to draw the sample so that the survey is highly representative of the U.S. population [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between dietary omega-3 intake and coronary heart disease among American adults: The NHANES, 1999–2018

Zhao,

Xiao,

Tan

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Omega-3 has been extensively studied for its cardiovascular disease (CVD) benefits. However, the results of this evidence are inconsistent. Therefore, in this study, dietary omega-3 intake was investigated further in relation to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk among U.S. adults. Methods We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for people ages 20 years and older between 1999 and 2018 to conduct a cross-sectional survey. The Medical Condition Questionnaire (MCQ) was used to determine CHD status. We measured dietary omega-3 intake using two 24-hour dietary recall interviews. Multivariate logistic regression and subgroup analysis were used to explore the correlation between dietary omega-3 intake and CHD. The dose-response relationship between the two was analyzed with a restricted cubic spline (RCS). Results 31,184 study subjects were included, of whom 1,604 (5.14%) were patients with CHD. By quintile (Q) of dietary omega-3 intake, after adjusting for all confounding factors, compared with Q1, when total dietary omega-3, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexenoic acid (DHA) intake reached Q5, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) of CHD were 0.76 (0.60, 0.96), 0.73 (0.57, 0.94), 0.70 (0.54, 0.92), 0.66 (0.50, 0.85), 0.84 (0.69, 1.02), and 0.83 (0.64, 1.07), respectively, while EPA and DHA were not significantly associated with the disease (Trend p > 0.05). Intake of omega-3 and CHD were linearly related (P for nonlinear = 0.603). No significant interactions were found within subgroups except for the age group (P for interaction = 0.001). Sensitivity analysis and multivariate logistic regression results are generally in agreement. Conclusions Total dietary omega-3, ALA, DPA, and ETA intake were negatively associated with CHD risk. In contrast, EPA and DHA had no significant correlation with CHD.

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Epidemiology, Burden, and Association of Substance Abuse Amongst Patients With Cardiovascular Disorders: National Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Cerebrovascular Disease (CeVD): Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database

Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Cerebrovascular Disease (CeVD): Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database

Sex Differences in Neurological Emergencies Presenting to Multiple Urban Level 1 Trauma Centers

Association between dietary omega-3 intake and coronary heart disease among American adults: The NHANES, 1999–2018

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