Epidemiology, clinical and laboratory findings of leptospirosis in Southwestern Greece

Gkentzi, Despoina; Lagadinou, Maria; Bountouris, Panagiotis; Dimitrakopoulos, Odyssefs; Triantos, Christos; Marangos, Markos; Paliogianni, Fotini; Assimakopoulos, Stelios F.

doi:10.1080/23744235.2020.1739745

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This explains the high baseline severity in most cases. Similar to previous studies, cases were seen more commonly in men than women [10,12,13,[21][22][23][24][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. This might be due to higher chances of exposure during outdoor activities.…”

Section: N Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In a study by Suputtamongkol et al, there was no difference between doxycycline, penicillin and cefotaxime with respect to mortality and time to improvement [35]. The use of penicillin, ceftriaxone and doxycycline in different studies range from 34-100%, 28-100% and 8-48% respectively [11,22,24,28,30,32,33,35,36,[42][43][44]. Penicillin, ceftriaxone and doxycycline was used in 16%, 87% and 90% of the patients, respectively.…”

Section: N Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical profile, management and outcome of patients with leptospirosis during the times of COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective study from a tertiary care centre in South India

et al. 2021

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Leptospirosis is a rodent-borne acute febrile illness, classically seen after heavy rainfall and floods. This study aimed to describe the clinical profile, management strategies and outcome of patients with leptospirosis amidst the Coronavirus disease-2019 outbreak. A prospective study of adult patients with undifferentiated fever (5-15 days) was conducted in South India between October 2020 and February 2021. The demographic, clinical details, laboratory details, treatment and outcome of leptospirosis positive (based on serology) and negative patients were compared. A chisquare test was used for qualitative variables, while an independent t-test or Mann Whitney U test was used for continuous variables. Of the 206 patients with suspected acute febrile illness, a total of 63 patients were diagnosed with leptospirosis based on serology results. The median sequential SUMMARY organ failure assessment score was higher in those with leptospirosis (p<0.001). Myalgia, abdominal pain, jaundice, decreased urine output, myocarditis, and dialysis requirement were more common in patients with leptospirosis. Leucocytosis and raised procalcitonin/ C-reactive protein were more common in patients with leptospirosis. The duration of stay and antibiotic consumption was higher in patients with leptospirosis. Acute febrile illness such as leptospirosis should be suspected in tropical areas with significant risk factors. The presence of conjunctival suffusion, hepatic and renal dysfunction should warrant a serology test for leptospirosis.

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Section: N Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: N Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical profile, management and outcome of patients with leptospirosis during the times of COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective study from a tertiary care centre in South India

et al. 2021

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“…The large number of infected animals resulted positives for the different serovars could be also correlated with the location of kennels in rural setting populated by wild rodents (as also demonstrated by the high number of rodents collected in these areas). Thus, according to other studies, the widespread circulation of the bacterium is related to the close proximity to rural areas, making transmission easier than it is elsewhere [44][45][46]. The 12% of non-vaccinated dogs also tested seropositive for Bratislava and Canicola serovars, probably indicating the widespread circulation of these strains in the territory, associated with the low level of immune protection in this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

New Insights on Leptospira Infections in a Canine Population from North Sardinia, Italy: A Sero-Epidemiological Study

Piredda

Ponti

Piras

et al. 2021

Biology

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Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis recognized as a re-emerging infectious disease in a wide variety of animal species, including humans and dogs. No data exist regarding the presence of Leptospira species in the canine population of Sardinia Island. This study reports the first sero-survey for leptospirosis in kennel and owned dogs from six areas of the north of Sardinia. Sera from 1296 dogs were tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) specific for nine different serovars that are known to be well widespread in the Mediterranean environment. Moreover, kidney homogenates from rodents collected from the study area were also analyzed by LipL32 real-time PCR and multi-locus sequence type (MLST) on the basis of the analysis of seven concatenated loci. A total of 13% of the examined sera (95%CI: 11–15) tested positive for one or more serovars of Leptospira MAT detected; antibodies for serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae (57%; 95%CI: 49–65) were the most common, followed by serovars Bratislava (22%; 95%CI: 16–28), Canicola (14%; 95%CI: 9–19), and Grippotyphosa (7%; 95%CI: 3–11). MLST analyses on isolates from rodents identified L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii genomospecies. Different serovars belonging to pathogenic Leptospira serogroups are circulating in dogs from the island. Moreover, data obtained from rodents, indicated that rodents likely act as reservoir of spirochetes. Further sero-epidemiological studies are needed in order to obtain data from other collection sites in Sardinia and to increase the information on Leptospira species circulating in this area.

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“…Recent studies conducted in southwestern Greece have estimated the incidence rate of Leptospirosis to be approximately 1.1 cases per 100,000 population in the area. The increased incidence rate may be attributed to climate change and the agricultural practices of the local population [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study conducted in southwestern Greece among 45 patients with leptospirosis, only one patient presented CNS manifestations, specifically aseptic meningitis [ 11 ]. Neurological manifestations of leptospirosis are rare, and the most common is aseptic meningitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fatal Case of Presumptive Diagnosis of Leptospirosis Involving the Central Nervous System

Alexopoulou,

Proklou,

Kokkini

et al. 2024

Healthcare

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Leptospirosis is a reemerging zooanthroponosis with a worldwide distribution, though it has a higher incidence in areas with tropical climate. A characteristic finding of the disease is its wide spectrum of symptoms and organ involvement, as it can appear either with very mild flu-like manifestations or with multiorgan failure, affecting the central nervous system (CNS) with a concomitant hepatorenal dysfunction (Weil’s syndrome) and significant high mortality rate. We report herein a fatal case of a 25 years old female, previously healthy, with impaired neurological status. She had high fever and severe multiorgan failure. The clinical data and the epidemiological factors were not conclusive for the diagnosis, and the first serology test from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sera samples were negative. When the repetition of the blood test showed elevated IgM antibodies, Leptospirosis was the presumptive diagnosis. Although CNS involvement is rare, the diagnosis should be considered when there is an elevated risk of exposure. The diagnostic protocol should encompass direct evidence of the bacterium and indirect measurement of antibodies. Timely detection and management are imperative to forestall complications and fatality associated with the disease.

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Epidemiology, clinical and laboratory findings of leptospirosis in Southwestern Greece

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Clinical profile, management and outcome of patients with leptospirosis during the times of COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective study from a tertiary care centre in South India

Clinical profile, management and outcome of patients with leptospirosis during the times of COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective study from a tertiary care centre in South India

New Insights on Leptospira Infections in a Canine Population from North Sardinia, Italy: A Sero-Epidemiological Study

A Fatal Case of Presumptive Diagnosis of Leptospirosis Involving the Central Nervous System

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