Epidemiology, Detection and Management of Cancer: An Overview

Arzmi, Mohd Hafiz; Majeed, Anwar P. P. Abdul; Musa, Rabiu Muazu; Razman, Mohd Azraai Mohd; Gan, Hong-Seng; Khairuddin, Ismail Mohd; Nasir, Ahmad Fakhri Ab.

doi:10.1007/978-981-19-8937-7_1

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Breast cancer constitutes a major public health concern; it is the most common malignancy diagnosed in the female population worldwide and is characterized by high morbidity and mortality [ 1 ]. The incidence of breast cancer is approximately 145 per 100,000 with a mortality of 33 per 100,000 women per year [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Breast Cancer: A Comparative Review of Guidelines

Katsika,

Boureka,

Kalogiannidis

et al. 2024

Life

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Breast cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in the female population worldwide and the leading cause of death among perimenopausal women. Screening is essential, since earlier detection in combination with improvements in breast cancer treatment can reduce the associated mortality. The aim of this study was to review and compare the recommendations from published guidelines on breast cancer screening. A total of 14 guidelines on breast cancer screening issued between 2014 and 2022 were identified. A descriptive review of relevant guidelines by the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), the American Cancer Society (ACS), the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBrS), the American College of Radiology (ACR), the Task Force on Preventive Health Care (CTFPHC), the European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer (ECIBC), the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) and the Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology (JJCO) for women both at average and high-risk was carried out. There is a consensus among all the reviewed guidelines that mammography is the gold standard screening modality for average-risk women. For this risk group, most of the guidelines suggest annual or biennial mammographic screening at 40–74 years, while screening should particularly focus at 50–69 years. Most of the guidelines suggest that the age limit to stop screening should be determined based on the women’s health status and life expectancy. For women at high-risk, most guidelines recommend the use of annual mammography or magnetic resonance imaging, while the starting age should be earlier than the average-risk group, depending on the risk factor. There is discrepancy among the recommendations regarding the age at onset of screening in the various high-risk categories. The development of consistent international practice protocols for the most appropriate breast cancer screening programs seems of major importance to reduce mortality rates and safely guide everyday clinical practice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Breast Cancer: A Comparative Review of Guidelines

Katsika,

Boureka,

Kalogiannidis

et al. 2024

Life

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“…It stands in third and fourth positions in 23 other countries in terms of mortality rate. Breast cancer is the most predominant cancer in females, and lung cancer is the most prevalent cancer in males globally. − …”

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confidence: 99%

Applications of Innovation Technologies for Personalized Cancer Medicine: Stem Cells and Gene-Editing Tools

Hasanzadeh,

Ebadati,

Dastanpour

et al. 2023

ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci.

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Personalized medicine is a new approach toward safer and even cheaper treatments with minimal side effects and toxicity. Planning a therapy based on individual properties causes an effective result in a patient's treatment, especially in a complex disease such as cancer. The benefits of personalized medicine include not only early diagnosis with high accuracy but also a more appropriate and effective therapeutic approach based on the unique clinical, genetic, and epigenetic features and biomarker profiles of a specific patient's disease. In order to achieve personalized cancer therapy, understanding cancer biology plays an important role. One of the crucial applications of personalized medicine that has gained consideration more recently due to its capability in developing disease therapy is related to the field of stem cells. We review various applications of pluripotent, somatic, and cancer stem cells in personalized medicine, including targeted cancer therapy, cancer modeling, diagnostics, and drug screening. CRISPR-Cas gene-editing technology is then discussed as a state-of-the-art biotechnological advance with substantial impacts on medical and therapeutic applications. As part of this section, the role of CRISPR-Cas genome editing in recent cancer studies is reviewed as a further example of personalized medicine application.

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