Epidemiology, etiology, and prevention of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China

Abstract

Esophageal cancer is one of the most fatal diseases worldwide mainly because of its rapid progression and poor prognosis. Although the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has markedly risen in North America and Europe in the past several decades, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is still the predominant subtype of esophageal cancer, especially in China. It accounts for more than 90% of all esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases in China. Geographical differentiation is one of the most distinctive characteristics of esophageal cancer. The progression, risk factors, and prognosis of these two subtypes of esophageal cancer differ. This study reviews the epidemiology, etiology, and prevention of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China, thereby providing systematic references for policy-makers who will decide on issues of esophageal cancer prevention and control.

Fixed‐jaw technique to improve IMRT plan quality for the treatment of cervical and upper thoracic esophageal cancer

“…Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide, with over 450 000 new cases and 400 000 deaths per year . Since the majority of patients are diagnosed with locally advanced disease and are ineligible for surgery, radiotherapy plays an important role in the definitive management of EC, especially for disease located in the cervical and upper thoracic regions.…”

Influences of porphyromonas gingivalis on the viability of esophageal cancer cells.

“…Studies in northern Iranian population linked increased urinary levels of PAH metabolites with increased risk. Similar studies in China and Brazil yielded similar results (Liang, Fan, & Qiao, 2017).…”

Epidemiological Profile of Esophageal Cancer Mortality in Rio Grande do Sul and its Health Regions.

“…This numbers can be explained by their diet costumes, like the consumption of hot drinks and pickled vegetables. Because of the high incidence, programs of screening were implanted in these countries for an early detection of esophageal cancer 1,17 . The mortality rate in China in 2012 was 15.58 deaths for 100,000 inhabitants 18 .…”

“…Malignant neoplasm of esophagus is one of the most malignant tumors. It's the sixth cause of death by cancer in the world and the fourth in male mortality in Brazil 1,2 . It is mainly represented by two histological types, adenocarcinoma, which mainly affects the distal third and gastroesophageal junction, and squamous cell carcinoma, which occurs mainly in the medial third, and these two types represent 95% of the malignant neoplasms of the organ 3, 4 .…”