Epidemiology, Evolution of Antimicrobial Profile and Genomic Fingerprints of Pseudomonas aeruginosa before and during COVID-19: Transition from Resistance to Susceptibility

Coșeriu, Răzvan Lucian; Vintilă, Camelia; Mare, Anca Delia; Ciurea, Cristina Nicoleta; Togănel, Radu Ovidiu; Cighir, Anca; Simion, Anastasia; Man, Adrian

doi:10.3390/life12122049

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In a study conducted in the tertiary hospital of Romania, Coseriu et al demonstrated alterations in PA susceptibility to carbapenems, pipera-cillin/tazobactam and amikacin before and during COVID-19 (2017-2022), due to appropriate dissemination of antibiotic therapy guides. In particular, they found that the percentage of PA carbapenem- or fluoroquinolone-resistance was lower in 2020–2021 compared with 2018–2019 [ 42 ]: these results are in line with the report from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [ 43 ]. Several studies are underway to identify new alternative strategies for the treatment of priority bacterial species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2023

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a major Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen causing several serious acute and chronic infections in the nosocomial and community settings. PA eradication has become increasingly difficult due to its remarkable ability to evade antibiotics. Therefore, epidemiological studies are needed to limit the infection and aim for the correct treatment. The present retrospective study focused on PA presence among samples collected at the San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi D’Aragona University Hospital in Salerno, Italy; its resistance profile and relative variations over the eight years were analyzed. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by VITEK® 2. In the 2015–2019 and 2020–2022 timeframes, respectively, 1739 and 1307 isolates of PA were obtained from respiratory samples, wound swabs, urine cultures, cultural swabs, blood, liquor, catheter cultures, vaginal swabs, and others. During 2015–2019, PA strains exhibited low resistance against amikacin (17.2%), gentamicin (25.2%), and cefepime (28.3%); moderate resistance against ceftazidime (34.4%), imipenem (34.6%), and piperacillin/tazobactam (37.7%); and high resistance against ciprofloxacin (42.4%) and levofloxacin (50.6%). Conversely, during the 2020–2022 era, PA showed 11.7, 21.1, 26.9, 32.6, 33.1, 38.7, and 39.8% resistance to amikacin, tobramycin, cefepime, imipenem, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and piperacillin/tazobactam, respectively. An overall resistance-decreasing trend was observed for imipenem and gentamicin during 2015–2019. Instead, a significant increase in resistance was recorded for cefepime, ceftazidime, and imipenem in the second set of years investigated. Monitoring sentinel germs represents a key factor in optimizing empirical therapy to minimize the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2023

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“…In Romania, more than half of P. aeruginosa isolates were reported as resistant to carbapenems, showing an ascendant trend from 2015 to 2019 [30]. A previous study conducted by our institution in the period 2017-2022 also presented increased antibiotic resistance for P. aeruginosa, with 52.6% presenting resistance to imipenem, 42.2% to meropenem, and 56.3% to levofloxacin [31]. The presence of MDR P. aeruginosa has been described all over the world, with a variable prevalence of 25-50% [32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Antibacterial Effect of 16 Essential Oils and Modulation of mex Efflux Pumps Gene Expression on Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates: Is Cinnamon a Good Fighter?

et al. 2023

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The purpose of the study was to describe the antimicrobial activity of 16 common essential oils (EOs) on multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates, including the determination of the effects on mex efflux pumps gene expression. Seventy-two clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa collected between 2020–2022 were screened for susceptibility to EOs using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion to identify potential candidates for future alternative therapies. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was further determined for the EO that proved antibacterial activity following the disk diffusion screening. Positive and negative controls were also used for method validation. Since cinnamon EO exhibited the best antimicrobial activity, it was further used to evaluate its influence on mex A, B, C, E, and X efflux pumps gene expression using real-time RT-PCR. Cinnamon EO inhibited all P. aeruginosa strains, followed by thyme EO (37.5%, n = 27) and lavender EO (12.5%, n = 9). The other EOs were less efficient. The MIC detection showed that cinnamon at a concentration of 0.05% v/v inhibited all MDR P. aeruginosa isolates. Thyme, turmeric, peppermint, basil, clove, and lavender EOs presented various results, most of them having activity at concentrations higher than 12.5% v/v. By studying the activity of cinnamon EO on mex efflux pumps, it was found that mexA and mexB (66.5%) were generally under-expressed. The remarkable results produced using the very low concentrations of cinnamon EO, with 100% antimicrobial activity against multi-, extended-, and pan- drug-resistant (MDR, XDR, PDR) P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, completed with the severe alteration of the RNA messaging system, supports its potential to be used as adjuvant treatment, with impact on therapeutic results.

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“…Likewise, Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause nosocomial outbreaks related to its resistance and virulence properties [ 10 ], being a producer of β-lactamases and multiresistant to a wide range of antimicrobials such as penicillin, cephalosporin, cephamycin, and carbapenem [ 11 ]. In addition, 35 resistomes (antimicrobial resistance genes) have been identified that confer resistance to 18 different antibiotics (including four classes of beta-lactams) and 214 virulence factor genes [ 12 ], in addition to the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to carbapenems, piperacillin-tazobactam, and amikacin has undergone alterations before and during COVID-19 [ 13 ]. There are phenotypic studies that P. aeruginosa , as producers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL), also present genes associated with biofilm formation and virulence, such as toxA and lasB [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Apis mellifera Bee Venom Collected in Northern Peru

2023

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Due to the emergence of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics and the failure of antibiotic therapies, there is an urgent need to search for new therapeutic options, as well as new molecules with antimicrobial potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of Apis mellifera venom collected in the beekeeping areas of the city of Lambayeque in northern Peru against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Bee venom extraction was performed by electrical impulses and separated using the Amicon ultra centrifugal filter. Subsequently, the fractions were quantified by spectrometric 280 nm and evaluated under denaturant conditions in SDS-PAGE. The fractions were pitted against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. A purified fraction (PF) of the venom of A. mellifera and three low molecular weight bands of 7 KDa, 6 KDa, and 5 KDa were identified that showed activity against E. coli with a MIC of 6.88 µg/mL, while for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, it did not present a MIC. No hemolytic activity at a concentration lower than 15.6 µg/mL and no antioxidant activity. The venom of A. mellifera contains a potential presence of peptides and a predilection of antibacterial activity against E. coli.

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Epidemiology, Evolution of Antimicrobial Profile and Genomic Fingerprints of Pseudomonas aeruginosa before and during COVID-19: Transition from Resistance to Susceptibility

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Antimicrobial Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Antibacterial Effect of 16 Essential Oils and Modulation of mex Efflux Pumps Gene Expression on Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates: Is Cinnamon a Good Fighter?

Antimicrobial Activity of Apis mellifera Bee Venom Collected in Northern Peru

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