Epidemiology of 45,616 suspect cases of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Chongqing, China, 2011–2015

Tao, Jiangchuan; He, Xiaoyan; Shi, Yu; Zhu, Guohun; Liu, Shan; Zhang, Zhenzhen; Tang, Shi; Zhang, Rong; Peng, Bin; Liu, Zhi-Dai; Tan, Jacqueline; Chen, Qian; Wang, Xingbin; Bao, Liming; Zhang, Lin; Zhang, Penghui

doi:10.1038/srep45630

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Only the EVA71 described in this study was subjected to phylogenetic analysis because of the association of EVA71 (and especially Genotype C strains) with neurological manifestations [19]. The tree (Figure 2) confirms that the EVA71 described in this study belongs to genotype C1.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysissupporting

confidence: 65%

Identification of previously untypable RD cell line isolates and detection of EV-A71 genotype C1 in a child with AFP in Nigeria

Adewumi

Faleye

Okeowo

et al. 2018

Preprint

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We previously attempted to identify 96 nonpolio enteroviruses (EVs) recovered on RD cell culture from children <15 years with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Nigeria. We succeeded in identifying 69 of the isolates. Here, we describe an attempt to identify the remaining 27 isolates.Twenty-six (the 27 th isolate was exhausted) isolates that could not be typed previously were further analyzed. All were subjected to RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, enterovirus 5"-UTR -VP2 PCR assay and a modified VP1 snPCR assay. Both the 5"-UTR -VP2 and VP1amplicons were sequenced, isolates identified and subjected to phylogenetic analysis.Twenty of the 26 isolates analyzed were successfully identified. Altogether, 23 EV strains were recovered. Thesebelong to 11 EV (one EVA, nine EVB and one EVC) types which were EVA71 genotype C1 (1 strain), CVB3 (7 strains), CVB5 (1 strain), E5 (2 strain), E11 (3 strains), E13 (2 strain), E19 (1 strain), E20 (1 strain), E24 (2 strains), EVB75 (1 strain) and EVC99 (2 strains). Of the 11 EV types, the 5"-UTR-VP2 assay identified seven while the VP1 assay identified 10. Both assays simultaneously detected 7 of the 11 EV types identified in this study with 100% congruence.In this study we identified 20 of 26 samples that were previously untypable. In addition, we provided evidence that suggests that a clade of EVA71 genotype C1 might have been circulating in sub-Saharan Africa since 2008. Finally, we showed that the 5"-UTR -VP2 assay might be as valuable as the VP1 assay in EV identification.

show abstract

Section: Phylogenetic Analysissupporting

confidence: 65%

Identification of previously untypable RD cell line isolates and detection of EV-A71 genotype C1 in a child with AFP in Nigeria

Adewumi

Faleye

Okeowo

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Only the EVA71 described in this study was subjected to phylogenetic analysis because of the association of EVA71 (and especially Genotype C strains) with severe neurological manifestations [19]. The tree (Figure 2) confirms that the EVA71 described in this study belongs to genotype C1.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysissupporting

confidence: 63%

Identification of previously untypable RD cell line isolates and detection of EV-A71 genotype C1 in a child with AFP in Nigeria

Adewumi

Faleye

Okeowo

et al. 2018

Pathogens and Global Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We previously attempted to identify 96 nonpolio enteroviruses (EVs) recovered in RD cell culture from children <15 years with acute flaccid paralysis in Nigeria. We succeeded in identifying 69 of the isolates. Here, we describe an attempt to identify the remaining 27 isolates. Twenty-six (the 27th isolate was exhausted) isolates/samples that could not be typed previously were further analyzed. All were subjected to RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, enterovirus 5ʹ-UTR-VP2 PCR assay and a modified VP1 snPCR assay. Both the 5ʹ-UTR-VP2 and VP1 amplicons were sequenced, isolates identified and subjected to phylogenetic analysis.Twenty of the 26 samples analyzed were identified. Altogether, 23 (three samples had co-infection) EV strains were recovered. These belong to 11 EV (one EVA, nine EVB and one EVC) types which were EVA71 genotype C1 (1 strain), CVB3 (7 strains), CVB5 (1 strain), E5 (2 strain), E11 (3 strains), E13 (2 strain), E19 (1 strain), E20 (1 strain), E24 (2 strains), EVB75 (1 strain) and EVC99 (2 strains). Of the 11 EV types, the 5ʹ-UTR-VP2 assay identified seven while the VP1 assay identified 10. Both assays simultaneously detected 7 of the 11 EV types identified in this study with 100% congruence. We successfully identified 20 of 26 samples that were previously untypable. We also provided evidence that suggests a clade of EVA71 genotype C1 might have been circulating in sub-Saharan Africa since 2008. Finally, we showed that the 5ʹ-UTR-VP2 assay might be as valuable as the VP1 assay in EV identification.

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“…Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is known as an infectious disease caused by a group of enteroviruses that have a global distribution[1]. Enteroviruses are members of the genus Enterovirus with more than 100 serotypes and are classified into four species: EV-A, EV-B, EV-C and EV-D [2]. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) from EV-A are the main circulating agents that cause HFMD, and EV71 is dominant in severe cases [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The surveillance of the epidemiological and serotype characteristics of hand, foot, mouth disease in Neijiang city, China, 2010-2017: A retrospective study

Li¹,

Yang²,

Wang³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is well recognized as one of the major threats to children’s health globally. The increasing complexity of the etiology of HFMD still challenges disease control in China. There is little surveillance of the molecular epidemiological characteristics of the enteroviruses (EVs) that cause HFMD in Neijiang city or the Sichuan Basin area in Southwest China. In this study, demographic and epidemiological information for 14,928 probable HFMD cases was extracted and analyzed to describe the epidemic features of HFMD in Neijiang city from Jan 2010 to Dec 2017. The swab samples of select probable HFMD cases from 2012 to 2017 were tested by reverse transcription (RT) real-time PCR to identify the serotype distribution of EVs, and 110 randomly selected RT-real-time PCR positive samples were then amplified and analyzed for the VP1 or VP4 regions of EVs to further analyze the phylogenetic characteristics of the circulating strains in this area. The eight-year average annual incidence was 49.82 per 100,000 in Neijiang. The incidence rates varied between 19.51 and 70.73 per 100,000, demonstrating peaks of incidence in even-number years (2012, 2014 and 2016). The median age of the probable cases was 27 months and the interquartile range (25 th to 75 th percentile) of ages for the probable HFMD cases was between 14 and 42 months. The male-to-female ratio of the probable HFMD cases was 1.47:1, and scattered children were the major population classification (81.7%). Two epidemic peaks were observed: one major peak between April and July and the other lesser peak between October and December. Of 6513 probable cases tested with RT-real-time PCR, 4015 (61.6%) were positive for enterovirus with the serotype distribution as follows: EV71+, 30.1% (n = 1210); CV-A16+, 28.7% (n = 1154) and a sole pan-enterovirus+, 41.1% (n = 1651). A total of 91 cases (82.7%, 91/110) were successfully amplified and underwent phylogenetic analysis: all EV71+ cases were C4a serotype (n = 23/30); all CV-A16+ cases were B2b serotype (n = 24/30); of 42 sole pan-enterovirus+ samples, 20 were CV-A6, 14 were CV-A10 and the rest within this group were CV-A4 (n = 4), CV-A8 (n = 2), CV-A9 (n = 1) and CV-B3 (n = 1). Our findings provide important evidence that aids the improvement of strategies for vaccination against HFMD and comprehensive disease control in China.

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Epidemiology of 45,616 suspect cases of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Chongqing, China, 2011–2015

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Identification of previously untypable RD cell line isolates and detection of EV-A71 genotype C1 in a child with AFP in Nigeria

Identification of previously untypable RD cell line isolates and detection of EV-A71 genotype C1 in a child with AFP in Nigeria

Identification of previously untypable RD cell line isolates and detection of EV-A71 genotype C1 in a child with AFP in Nigeria

The surveillance of the epidemiological and serotype characteristics of hand, foot, mouth disease in Neijiang city, China, 2010-2017: A retrospective study

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