Epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates in an Intensive Care Unit in Kazakhstan

Abstract

Objective: Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is an important pathogen of infections in many hospitals, especially in intensive care unit patients, conditioned difficulty to control spread and treatment. The objective of the present study is to report the prevalence and antibiotic resistance rates of A. baumannii strains in ICU patients during a fiveyear period in a tertiary care hospital in Kazakhstan. Methods: Consecutive, nonduplicate isolates of A. baumannii were collected and processed during the course of routine diagnostic work up from adult patients hospitalized in ICU. Identification of isolates and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed by Vitek 2 automated system. Results: In total 325 A. baumannii strains were evaluated. The most frequent of strains were from tracheostomy tubes (67 isolates, 22.1%), followed by tracheal aspirates (58 isolates, 19.1%) and urinary tract (47, 15.5%). The prevalence of A. baumannii strains in ICU was significantly increased from 6.9% in 2011 to 34.1% to 2015 (p=0.002). Most of testing isolates were 96.7% and higher resistant to cephalosporins, carbapenems, quinolones. Lower resistance 50% and highest was obtained to aminoglycosides. Conclusion: we report for the first time in Central Kazakhstan the prevalence and resistance rates of A. baumannii in ICU in a single tertiary hospital. The present report is alarming because the increasing resistance can lead to no alternative situation on the choice of drugs for the casual treatment of infections caused by extremely resistant A. baumannii strains.

Prevalence and Sensitivity Pattern of Acinetobacter baumannii in the Intensive Care Unit of Private Hospital in Jakarta

“…Similar results were also found in a study conducted in Kazakhstan in 2015, with the prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii infection in intensive care patients reaching 34.1%. 7,15 Another study conducted at RSU Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Makassar, found a lower prevalence of 20.7%. (16) A lower prevalence was also found in a study in Morocco, namely 9.2%, while studies conducted in Punjab and Varanasi, India, found a greater prevalence, reaching 42% and 43.2%.…”

“…Acinetobacter baumannii can cause clinical infections such as bacteremia, pneumonia, meningitis, urinary tract infections, and surgical site infections or wounds. [6][7][8][9][10] Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the ESKAPE microorganisms (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter sp.) which is a global threat to human health and poses a challenge in therapy due to the emergence of increasing resistance.…”