Epidemiology of Acute Viral Gastroenteritis in Children Hospitalized in Rouen, France

Marie‐Cardine, Aude; Gourlain, Karine; Mouterde, O.; Castignolles, Nathalie; Hellot, Marie‐France; Mallet, E.; Buffet-Janvresse, C

doi:10.1086/339807

Cited by 84 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…For children younger than 2 years, no significant differences were observed between RV and NoV infections or between these and other virus infections with regard to the severity of the symptoms (P Ͼ 0.05). Although a study conducted in Vietnam (25) also found similar rates of severity of RV and NoV infections, this result is in contradiction to most of the previous work carried out in developed countries (6,9,23,24,31), which found lower levels of disease severity with NoVs. In the present study, the delay to hospitalization for NoV-infected children and the lack of medical (9) showed conflicting results between the severity scoring and the degree of dehydration.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Acute Infantile Gastroenteritis Associated with Human Enteric Viruses in Tunisia

et al. 2008

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, investigated the incidence and the clinical role of various enteric viruses responsible for infantile gastroenteritis in 632 Tunisian children presenting in dispensaries (380 children) or hospitalized (252 children) for acute diarrhea. At least one enteric virus was found in each of 276 samples (43.7%). A single pathogen was observed in 234 samples, and mixed infections were found in 42 samples. In terms of frequency, rotavirus and norovirus were detected in 22.5 and 17.4% of the samples, respectively, followed by astrovirus (4.1%), Aichi virus (3.5%), adenovirus types 40 and 41 (2.7%), and sapovirus (1.0%). The seasonal distribution of viral gastroenteritis showed a winter peak but also an unusual peak from May to September. The severity of the diarrhea was evaluated for hospitalized infants. No significant differences were observed between rotavirus and norovirus infections with regard to the incidence and the clinical severity of the disease, especially in dehydration.Diarrhea is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among infants throughout the world, especially in developing countries, where malnutrition and poor local health service are factors responsible for the increased severity of the diarrhea. In infants, group A rotavirus (RV) is the major etiologic agent of viral gastroenteritis and is responsible for 29 to 45% of hospitalizations, depending on the income level of the country (32, 33). Other enteric viruses such as human norovirus (NoV), sapovirus, astrovirus (HAstV), adenovirus (HAdV) types 40 and 41, and Aichi virus are also associated with acute gastroenteritis, and their relative importance in high-income countries has been reported previously (2, 4).Human NoVs, which are members of the Caliciviridae family, are found in all age groups (7, 10) and are a major cause of food-and water-related outbreaks (11,22). Recent work has showed that NoVs are the second most frequent etiologic agents of viral gastroenteritis (16). Sapovirus, another genus of the family Caliciviridae, HAstV (41), and enteric type 40 and 41 HAdVs have also been associated with diarrhea. Aichi virus (42) has recently been classified into the Kobuvirus genus in the Picornaviridae family and has been associated with oyster consumption.Although the role of these viruses in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in industrialized countries has been established (7, 29), little is known about their contribution to outbreaks in developing countries and few data are currently available (25). In Tunisia, a middle-income Mediterranean country, earlier studies showed the contribution of RVs (8, 38) and more recently that of HAstVs and HAdVs (12) in cases of childhood diarrhea. However, the nature of the contribution of NoVs and Aichi viruses to outbreaks of gastroenteritis in Tunisia remains unknown.The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of these enteric viruses and their contribution to diarrheal diseases in Tunisian children. We conducted a prospective 2-year study of children who were hospitalized in or presented to ...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Acute Infantile Gastroenteritis Associated with Human Enteric Viruses in Tunisia

et al. 2008

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“…The literature concerning symptom severity in norovirus and rotavirus gastroenteritis is heterogeneous [42]. A number of previous studies found lower levels of disease severity in norovirus than in rotavirus gastroenteritis, and most of these were carried out in developed countries [7,[43][44][45][46][47]. In contrast, other studies found no significant differences between the severity of rotavirus and norovirus infections [48][49][50][51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and clinical features of gastroenteritis in hospitalised children: prospective survey during a 2-year period in a Parisian hospital, France

Lorrot

Bon

Hajje

et al. 2010

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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International audienceRotavirus is recognised as the most important agent of severe acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in young children. In a 2-year prospective survey, we investigated the epidemiology and clinical features of the viral and bacterial pathogens in children hospitalised for AGE. The study was performed in a Parisian teaching hospital from November 2001 to May 2004. Clinical data were prospectively collected to assess the gastroenteritis severity (20-point Vesikari severity score, the need for intravenous rehydration, duration of hospitalisation). Stools were systematically tested for group A rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus 40/41, sapovirus and Aichi virus and enteropathogenic bacteria. A total of 457 children (mean age 15.9 months) were enrolled. Viruses were detected in 305 cases (66.7%) and bacteria in 31 cases (6.8%). Rotaviruses were the most frequent pathogen (48.8%), followed by noroviruses (8.3%) and adenoviruses, astroviruses, Aichi viruses and sapoviruses in 3.5%, 1.5%, 0.9% and 0.4%, respectively. Cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis were significantly more severe than those of norovirus with respect to the Vesikari score, duration of hospitalisation and the need for intravenous rehydration. Rotaviruses were the most frequent and most severe cause in children hospitalised for AGE, and noroviruses also account for a large number of cases in this population

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“…Although HuCV is emerging as a cause of sporadic gastroenteritis as a sole pathogen in young children, there are not many data about the incidence of this viral infection. During previous studies in other countries, this infection was detected in 3.5 to 20% of sporadic cases among young children (1,2,5,9,10,12,14,15,16,22,24). To date, there is to our knowledge a lack of data from Spain.…”

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confidence: 85%

Molecular Detection of Human Calicivirus among Spanish Children with Acute Gastroenteritis

Román¹,

Negredo

Dalton

et al. 2002

J Clin Microbiol

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A survey was conducted among Spanish children with gastroenteritis treated in an emergency room. Reverse transcription-PCR with specimens negative for other enteric pathogens was used. The minimum incidence of human calicivirus infection was 7.7%, with Lordsdale as the predominant genotype. The clinical features and severity of calicivirus and rotavirus were similar.Norwalk-like virus (NLV) and Sapporo-like virus (SLV) are members of the family Caliciviridae (7), which has been considered one of the most common causes of nonbacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks and sporadic cases in adults and children (3,6,11,25). Routine detection is not yet possible due to the lack of a simple diagnostic test. Thus, the most-used human calicivirus (HuCV) detection assay is generic reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) with the RNA polymerase gene (pol) as the target. Thus far, the RT-PCR assay has not been routinely used for the detection of childhood gastroenteritis etiologic agents. Although HuCV is emerging as a cause of sporadic gastroenteritis as a sole pathogen in young children, there are not many data about the incidence of this viral infection. During previous studies in other countries, this infection was detected in 3.5 to 20% of sporadic cases among young children (1,2,5,9,10,12,14,15,16,22,24). To date, there is to our knowledge a lack of data from Spain. In order to clarify the epidemiologic role and clinical significance of calicivirus-associated gastroenteritis in our country, we have conducted a surveillance study among children with gastroenteritis treated in an emergency room in Madrid, Spain. Our objectives were to determine the incidence of HuCV infection and the clinical characteristics of the disease and to establish the genetic diversity of HuCV strains. A total of 822 fecal specimens were collected from children of less than 4 years of age with gastroenteritis who visited the emergency room of Severo Ochoa Hospital in Madrid between October 1996 and September 1997. A gastroenteritis episode was defined as at least three looser-than-normal stools within a 24-h period or an episode of forceful vomiting with any loose stools. Clinical information was collected for all patients, including age, sex, presenting symptoms, and duration of illness prior to admission. Each episode was graded by using a 20-point severity score scale as previously described (17). Fecal specimens were screened for etiologic agents of diarrhea. Bacteria (Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter spp. and Vibrionaceae) were detected by routine cultivation methods, and viruses (group A rotavirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus) were detected by commercial enzyme immunoassays.No pathogens were detected in fecal specimens from 292 (35.5%) children. A subset of 201 of these samples with an adequate volume of fecal specimen was tested for the presence of HuCVs (NLV and SLV) by using RT-PCR with the RNA polymerase gene (pol) as the target. For this, RNA was extracted from 20% of the stool suspensions in phosphate-buffered saline by using t...

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Epidemiology of Acute Viral Gastroenteritis in Children Hospitalized in Rouen, France

Cited by 84 publications

References 70 publications

Acute Infantile Gastroenteritis Associated with Human Enteric Viruses in Tunisia

Acute Infantile Gastroenteritis Associated with Human Enteric Viruses in Tunisia

Epidemiology and clinical features of gastroenteritis in hospitalised children: prospective survey during a 2-year period in a Parisian hospital, France

Molecular Detection of Human Calicivirus among Spanish Children with Acute Gastroenteritis

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