Epidemiology of adenocarcinoma of the cervix

Horowitz, Ira; Jacobson, Lisa P.; Zucker, Peter K.; Currie, John L.; Rosenshein, Neil B.

doi:10.1016/0090-8258(88)90265-x

Cited by 33 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Sexual behaviour, and in particular the number of sexual partners, is strongly associated both with HPV infection and with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Most controlled studies have also found the risk of cervical adenocarcinoma to increase directly with the lifetime number of sexual partners (Brinton et al, 1987;Parazzini et al, 1988;Ursin et al, 1996;Chichareon et al, 1998;Madeleine et al, 2001;Altekruse et al, 2003), and studies providing a direct comparison have found no differences in risk between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in all and in HPV-positive women (Brinton et al, 1987;Horowitz et al, 1988;Brinton et al, 1993;Chichareon et al, 1998;Ngelangel et al, 1998). Our results are consistent with existing evidence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Risk factors for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix in women aged 20–44 years: the UK National Case–Control Study of Cervical Cancer

et al. 2003

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We report results on risk factors for invasive squamous cell and adenocarcinomas of the cervix in women aged 20 -44 years from the UK National Case -Control Study of Cervical Cancer, including 180 women with adenocarcinoma, 391 women with squamous cell carcinoma and 923 population controls. The risk of both squamous cell and adenocarcinoma was strongly related to the lifetime number of sexual partners, and, independently, to age at first intercourse. The risk of both types of cervical cancer increased with increasing duration of use of oral contraceptives, and this effect was most marked in current and recent users of oral contraceptives. The risk of squamous cell carcinoma was associated with high parity and the risk of both squamous cell and adenocarcinoma increased with early age at first birth. Long duration smoking (20 or more years) was associated with a two-fold increase in the risk of squamous cell carcinoma, but smoking was not associated with the risk of adenocarcinoma. Further studies are needed to confirm the suggestion from this and other studies of differences in risk related to smoking between squamous cell and adenocarcinomas of the cervix. Among cancers of the uterine cervix, adenocarcinomas are much less common than squamous cell carcinomas. As for squamous cell carcinoma, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection appears to be a major risk factor for adenocarcinoma of the cervix (Kjaer and Brinton, 1993;Walboomers et al, 1999;Santos et al, 2001;Altekruse et al, 2003), but evidence on other factors that may affect the risk of adenocarcinoma is limited and not entirely consistent (Parazzini and La Vecchia, 1990;Kjaer and Brinton, 1993;Ursin et al, 1994Ursin et al, , 1996Lacey et al, 1999Lacey et al, , 2000Lacey et al, , 2001Madeleine et al, 2001;Altekruse et al, 2003). The question of whether there are substantial differences in the risk factors for adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas remains unresolved. Few epidemiological studies have been designed specifically to provide a direct comparison between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, and most studies of cervical carcinoma have had too few cases of adenocarcinoma to allow full evaluation of the possible risk factors. We present here results from the UK National Case -Control Study of Cervical Cancer, a case -control study of risk factors for invasive cervical cancer in women under 45 years old at diagnosis, with 180 cases of adenocarcinoma (including adenosquamous carcinoma), 391 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 923 population controls. Information was available for all study subjects on sexual and reproductive factors, cervical screening, body weight, smoking and the use of barrier and hormonal contraceptives. Additional information was collected on HPV serology for a subgroup of subjects, and for this subgroup results have previously been published on the relationship between HPV positivity and risk of cervical cancer (Jha et al, 1993), and on oral contraceptive use as a risk factor for cervical cancer in relati...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Risk factors for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix in women aged 20–44 years: the UK National Case–Control Study of Cervical Cancer

et al. 2003

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“…The average age of the patients with squamous cell or adeno(squamous) carcinoma was not significantly different. This supports the findings of Horowitz et al (1988) (4). However, in the younger age group (< 40 years) there was a relatively higher percentage of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Patients with squamous cell versus adeno(squamous) carcinoma of the cervix, what factors determine the prognosis?

Tinga

Bouma

Aalders

1992

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer

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Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix FIGO stages IB to IV (n = 306) were compared to patients with adeno(squamous) carcinoma (n = 70). There was no difference between the mean ages of the groups. In the patients who underwent radical surgical treatment, whether or not in combination with radiotherapy (n = 209), stepwise regression analysis showed that a positive lymph node status was the most unfavorable prognostic factor, followed by the histologic type (adeno(squamous) carcinoma) and the tumor diameter (> 3 cm). Vascular-space invasion had no additional prognostic value. Patient's age did not affect the prognosis. Distant metastases were not found to be more prevalent in the patients with adeno(squamous) carcinoma. In patients with adeno(squamous) carcinoma and positive lymph nodes, it is worth considering more intensive locoregional treatment than is usually prescribed for these patients and/or adjunctive chemotherapy, because there is a high risk of tumor recurrence.

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“…Adenocarci noma and squamous cell carcinoma may be pathologi cally different manifestations of a single process, i.e., sex-related carcinogenesis of the bipotential cervical re serve cell [20,23,24], This suggestion [21,24,25] is in line with the epidemiology and pathology of these le sions. Despite earlier evidence to the contrary [26], more recent studies tend to show more similarities than differ ences in the epidemiology of both cervical malignancies [27][28][29]. Pathologically their kinship is supported by their frequent concurrence in the same patient and the demonstration of human papilloma virus (HPV) se quences in both types of cancer [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparison of Oral Contraceptive Use in Women with Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix

Honoré

Koch²,

Brown³

1991

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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The possible link between oral contraceptives (OCs) and cervical adenocarcinoma was tested by a case-case study of prior and current OC use in women with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Cases were matched by age, year of diagnosis, and stage of the lesion, and personal, reproductive, and contraceptive data were obtained by mailed questionnaires. Except for smoking, which was significantly more prevalent in women with squamous cell carcinoma, the two groups were identical, with similar OC exposure. This study does not support the idea that OCs modulate the expression of cervical neoplasia in favor of adenocarcinoma.

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Epidemiology of adenocarcinoma of the cervix

Cited by 33 publications

References 14 publications

Risk factors for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix in women aged 20–44 years: the UK National Case–Control Study of Cervical Cancer

Risk factors for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix in women aged 20–44 years: the UK National Case–Control Study of Cervical Cancer

Patients with squamous cell versus adeno(squamous) carcinoma of the cervix, what factors determine the prognosis?

Comparison of Oral Contraceptive Use in Women with Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix

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