Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Acinetobacter Species Bloodstream Infection in Children

Segal, Shana C.; Zaoutis, Theoklis E.; Kagen, Jessica; Shah, Samir S.

doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e3180684310

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…New research has shown that in children, the pattern is different e for children, infection is significantly more likely to be developed in the home, and by patients who are male. That is, consistent with my augmented hypothesis, under the gendered supervision of parents in home settings, more boys than girls are exposed to this bacteria (Segal et al, 2007).…”

Section: Women Auto-immune Disorders and Depressionsupporting

confidence: 75%

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Gender and the hygiene hypothesis

Clough

2011

Social Science & Medicine

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a b s t r a c tThe hygiene hypothesis offers an explanation for the correlation, well-established in the industrialized nations of North and West, between increased hygiene and sanitation, and increased rates of asthma and allergies. Recent studies have added to the scope of the hypothesis, showing a link between decreased exposure to certain bacteria and parasitic worms, and increased rates of depression and intestinal autoimmune disorders, respectively. What remains less often discussed in the research on these links is that women have higher rates than men of asthma and allergies, as well as many auto-immune disorders, and also depression. The current paper introduces a feminist understanding of gender socialization to the epidemiological and immunological picture. That standards of cleanliness are generally higher for girls than boys, especially under the age of five when children are more likely to be under close adult supervision, is a robust phenomenon in industrialized nations, and some research points to a crosscultural pattern. I conclude that, insofar as the hygiene hypothesis successfully identifies standards of hygiene and sanitation as mediators of immune health, then attention to the relevant patterns of gender socialization is important. The review also makes clear that adding a feminist analysis of gender socialization to the hygiene hypothesis helps explain variation in morbidity rates not addressed by other sources and responds to a number of outstanding puzzles in current research. Alternative explanations for the sex differences in the relevant morbidity rates are also discussed (e.g., the effects of estrogens). Finally, new sources of evidence for the hygiene hypothesis are suggested in the form of cross-cultural and other natural experiments.

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Section: Women Auto-immune Disorders and Depressionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Studies of children with bloodstream infection (BSI) from Acinobacter species, show similar results (Segal, Zaoutis, Kagen, Shah, & Samir, 2007). For adults in the industrialized North and West, exposure to Acinobacteria is generally associated with a hospital stay.…”

Section: Women Auto-immune Disorders and Depressionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Gender and the hygiene hypothesis

Clough

2011

Social Science & Medicine

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“…In the pediatric population, most of the published literature on A. baumannii infections are single-centered, cohort studies and report that risk factors include solid malignancy, renal disease, and male gender 52 . Though patients with A. baumannii infections are commonly hospitalized, infections may develop in the outpatient setting in children with central lines or receiving at home ventilator care 52 .…”

Section: The Clinical Impact Of Antibiotic Resistance In Gnb By Orgamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Growing Threat of Antibiotic Resistance in Children

Medernach

Logan

2018

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America

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Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat and a danger that continues to escalate. These menacing bacteria are having an impact on all populations; however, until recently, the increasing trend in drug-resistant infections in infants and children has gone relatively unrecognized. This article highlights the current clinical and molecular data regarding infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in children, with an emphasis on transmissible resistance and spread via horizontal gene transfer.

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“…Children are virtually absent from the literature on community-onset Acinetobacter infections. One study identified a subset of children with infection onset in the community, but 96% of these had indwelling central venous catheters [9], a clear HCA risk factor, which was not present in the children described here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acinetobacterbacteraemia in Thailand: evidence for infections outside the hospital setting

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY Acinetobacter is a well-recognized nosocomial pathogen. Previous reports of community-associated Acinetobacter infections have lacked clear case definitions and assessment of healthcare-associated (HCA) risk factors. We identified Acinetobacter bacteraemia cases from blood cultures obtained <3 days after hospitalization in rural Thailand and performed medical record reviews to assess HCA risk factors in the previous year and compare clinical and microbiological characteristics between cases with and without HCA risk factors. Of 72 Acinetobacter cases, 32 (44%) had no HCA risk factors. Compared to HCA infections, non-HCA infections were more often caused by Acinetobacter species other than calcoaceticus–baumannii complex species and by antibiotic-susceptible organisms. Despite similar symptoms, the case-fatality proportion was lower in non-HCA than HCA cases (9% vs. 45%, P < 0·01). Clinicians should be aware of Acinetobacter as a potential cause of community-associated infections in Thailand; prospective studies are needed to improve understanding of associated risk factors and disease burden.

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Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Acinetobacter Species Bloodstream Infection in Children

Abstract: Acinetobacter spp. are an underreported cause of endemic BSI in children. Patients with Acinetobacter spp. BSI are more likely to develop their infection in the home setting compared with patients with BSI caused by other Gram-negative rods.

Cited by 14 publications

References 51 publications

Gender and the hygiene hypothesis

Gender and the hygiene hypothesis

The Growing Threat of Antibiotic Resistance in Children

Acinetobacterbacteraemia in Thailand: evidence for infections outside the hospital setting

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