Epidemiology of Animal Poisonings in Europe

Caloni, F.; Berny, Philippe; Croubels, Siska; Sachana, Magda; Guitart, Raimón

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811410-0.00003-9

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Zootoxins, produced by poisonous/venomous animals ( Table 1 ) [ 2 ], are generally a mixture of different chemicals with species-specific toxicological effects on animals, which are related to many factors including age, sex, and physiological conditions [ 2 ]. Zootoxin exposure is not very frequent and is considered relatively rare [ 2 ], as shown by numerous and, even, recent European toxico-epidemiological studies on poisoning in animals [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], representing around 2–5% of total poisonings [ 6 ]. Moreover, there is an ever-growing interest from one health perspective that considers animals as sentinels of novel emerging zootoxicoses ( Table 3 ), as well as in correlation with climate change and its impact on venomous terrestrial and marine animal species and zootoxin distribution [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common animal sources of terrestrial zootoxins involved in zootoxicosis in domestic animals are: the common toad, Bufo bufo [ 6 , 9 ], the fire salamander, Salamandra salamandra [ 6 , 10 ], the pine processionary caterpillar, Thaumetopoea pityocampa [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], and venomous vipers, Vipera aspis aspis and Vipera berus berus [ 5 , 6 , 11 , 12 ]. The exposure of domestic animals to marine toxins from dinoflagellates or algae (domoic acid, gonyautoxins, ciguatera), cnidarian toxins (anemones, jelly fish, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zootoxins and Domestic Animals: A European View

Nagy,

Ardelean,

Chapuis

et al. 2024

Toxins

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Zootoxins are produced by venomous and poisonous species and are an important cause of poisoning in companion animals and livestock in Europe. Little information about the incidence of zootoxin poisoning is available in Europe, with only a few case reports and review papers being published. This review presents the most important zootoxins produced by European venomous and poisonous animal species responsible for poisoning episodes in companion animals and livestock. The main zootoxin-producing animal species, components of the toxins/venoms and their clinical effects are presented. The most common zootoxicoses involve terrestrial zootoxins excreted by the common toad, the fire salamander, the pine processionary caterpillar, and vipers. The lack of a centralized reporting/poison control system in Europe makes the evaluation of the epidemiology of zootoxin-induced poisonings extremely difficult. Even if there are many anecdotal reports in the veterinary community about the exposure of domestic animals to terrestrial and marine zootoxins, the number of published papers regarding these toxicoses is low. Climate change and its consequences regarding species distribution and human-mediated transportation are responsible for the emerging nature of some intoxications in which zootoxins are involved. Although new venomous or poisonous animal species have emerged in regions where they were previously unreported, zootoxins produced by native species remain the main concern in Europe. The diversity of poisonous and venomous animal species and the emerging nature of certain poisonings warrant the continuous update to such knowledge by veterinary professionals and animal owners. This review offers an overview about zootoxin-related poisonings in domestic animals in Europe and also provides important information from a health perspective.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zootoxins and Domestic Animals: A European View

Nagy,

Ardelean,

Chapuis

et al. 2024

Toxins

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“…Bracken fern ( Pteridium aquilinum ) ( Figure 1 ) has long been recognized as a poisonous plant posing a threat to free-ranging cattle. The secondary metabolites of this fern exhibit high biological activity, leading to various chronic and acute health issues in diverse animal species, including humans [ 1 , 2 ]. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified bracken fern as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-temperature methods such as grilling, frying, and roasting can aid in breaking down ptaquiloside, with their effectiveness dependent on the intensity and duration of heat exposure. Blanching and boiling the fern in water can also reduce ptaquiloside content by allowing these compounds to leach into the water [ 2 ]. On the other hand, steaming is an effective cooking method that softens the fern while preserving its nutritional value and reducing toxin content [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Environmental Hazards of the Toxic Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (Bracken Fern)

Malík,

Mika,

Navrátilová

et al. 2023

Plants

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Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) is ubiquitous and acts as a cosmopolitan weed in pastures and similar environments. Despite its historical uses, it presents risks due to toxicity. This study, conducted in the second half of 2023, aimed to assess the environmental and health hazards of P. aquilinum, primarily focusing on its carcinogenic compound, ptaquiloside. The literature was comprehensively reviewed using diverse databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Information was synthesized from original research articles, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and relevant animal studies. Animals grazing on bracken fern face annual production losses due to toxin exposure. The substantial impact on biodiversity, animal health, and human well-being arises from the presence of ptaquiloside and related compounds in milk, meat, and water, along with the increasing global prevalence of P. aquilinum and its swift colonization in acidic soil and fire-damaged areas. The objectives were to identify major bioactive compounds and explore their effects at molecular, cellular, pathological, and population levels. Various cooking techniques were considered to mitigate toxin exposure, although complete elimination remains unattainable. Therefore, the findings emphasize the need for cautious consumption. In conclusion, continued research is necessary to better understand and manage its environmental and health implications.

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“…Feed-, food-, water- and plant-related toxins are a major threat for animal and human health worldwide. These are natural toxins such as bacterial toxins, algal toxins, mycotoxins or phytotoxins and represent an important cause of disease in animals [ 1 ]. Phytotoxins and other feed-contaminating toxins are diverse and many of them have only recently emerged.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%