Epidemiology of Ankle Sprains and Chronic Ankle Instability

Abstract

Objective To provide a focused overview of the existing literature on the epidemiology of acute ankle sprains (lateral, medial, and high/syndesmotic) with an emphasis on incidence studies from the United States. In addition, we provide a brief overview of chronic ankle instability (CAI), posttraumatic osteoarthritis, and injury prevention to contribute to our understanding of the epidemiology of these injuries and the current state of the science on ankle sprains and ankle instability in sports medicine. Background Acute ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, with a high incidence among physically active individuals. Additionally, acute ankle sprains have a high recurrence rate, which is associated with the development of CAI. Understanding the epidemiology of these injuries is important for improving patients' musculoskeletal health and reducing the burden of lower limb musculoskeletal conditions. Description Acute ankle-sprain incidence rates are summarized among the general population, as well as among physically active populations, including organized athletics and military personnel, with a focus on incidence in the United States. The link between a prior ankle sprain and a future acute ankle sprain is described. We also discuss the association between the incident ankle sprain and adverse, long-term outcomes such as CAI and posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Finally, we summarize injury-prevention successes and future directions for research and prevention. Clinical Applications This information is useful for health care providers to understand the expected incidence rates of acute ankle sprains, be aware of the association between ankle sprains and negative short- and long-term outcomes, and be familiar with existing injury-prevention programs.

Does arthroscopic repair show superiority over open repair of lateral ankle ligament for chronic lateral ankle instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in activities/sports with a high recurrence rate, and repeated episodes could lead to chronic ankle instability, involving chronic insufficiency of the lateral ligament complex [ 1 – 3 ]. Among those, the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is the most frequently affected ankle lateral ligamentfollowed by the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) [ 4 – 7 ].…”

Conservative Treatment for Acute Ankle Sprain: A Systematic Review

“…In exceptional circumstances, the anterior ligament may be torn, with associated capsular damage, and rupture of the peroneal tendons. The deltoid ligament may be damaged by traumatic eversion; although this type of sprain occurs only rarely, the possibility of associated injuries such as distal or proximal fracture of the fibula and even of the talus should be considered [ 4 ]. Furthermore, hyperdorsiflexion could damage the syndesmotic ligaments [ 5 ].…”

Comparison of Recent Studies on Rehabilitation of Chronic Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review

“…Ankle sprains occur very frequently during daily and sports activities. [1][2][3] Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common result of an ankle sprain. 4,5 About 73% of individuals who have experienced ankle sprain injuries have recurrent episodes, of which 59% report long-term disability.…”