Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on California dairies: descriptive and cluster analyses of AMR phenotype of fecal commensal bacteria isolated from adult cows

Abdelfattah, Essam M.; Ekong, Pius S.; Okello, Emmanuel; Chamchoy, Tapakorn; Karle, Betsy M.; Black, Randi A.; Sheedy, Donna; ElAshmawy, Wagdy R.; Williams, D. E.; Califano, Daniela; Tovar, Luis Fernando Durán; Ongom, Jonathan; Lehenbauer, Terry W.; Byrne, Barbara A.; Aly, Sharif S.

doi:10.7717/peerj.11108

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The relatively low prevalence of MDR within intrauterine E. coli isolates contrasts with Santos et al (2010) in which a total of 35% (n = 80) of E. coli isolates from cows with metritis were MDR, with the major MDR profile being ampicillin-chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance, observed in 96.4% of MDR isolates 11 . However, our results do more closely resemble those of Abdelfattah et al 31 in which a total of 14.14% (n = 307) of 2171 E. coli isolates, recovered from fecal samples from healthy, adult dairy cows from 10 farms in California, were MDR. Their major MDR profile being florfenicol-sulphadimethoxine (16.2%), and tetracycline-florfenicol-sulphadimethoxine (6.82%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and risk factors for recovery of intrauterine Escherichia coli from cows with metritis on California commercial dairy farms

Basbas

Garzon

Silva-del-Río

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The goals of this study were to evaluate factors affecting recovery and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in intrauterine E. coli in post-partum dairy cows with and without metritis from commercial California dairy farms. Using a cross-sectional study design, a total of 307 cows were sampled from 25 farms throughout California, from which a total of 162 intrauterine E. coli isolates were recovered. During farm visits, cows within 21 days post-partum were categorized in one of three clinical presentation groups before enrollment: metritis (MET, n = 86), defined as a cow with watery, red or brown colored, and fetid vaginal discharge; cows with purulent discharge (PUS, n = 106), defined as a non-fetid purulent or mucopurulent vaginal discharge; and control cows, (CTL, n = 115) defined as cows with either no vaginal discharge or a clear, non-purulent mucus vaginal discharge. Cows diagnosed as MET had significantly higher odds for recovery of E. coli compared to cows diagnosed as CTL (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.17–3.96), with no significant difference observed between PUS and CTL, and PUS and MET. An increase in days in milk (DIM) at the time of sampling was significantly associated with a decrease in the odds ratio for E. coli recovery from intrauterine swabs (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89–0.98). All intrauterine E. coli were resistant to ampicillin (AMP), with an AMR prevalence of 30.2% and 33.9% observed for chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline, respectively. Only 8.6% of isolates were resistant to ceftiofur (CEFT), one of the most common drugs used to treat cows on farms sampled. No significant difference in the prevalence of AMR was observed among clinical groups at the individual cow level. At the farm level, a significantly higher odds for isolating intrauterine E. coli resistant to chlortetracycline (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 3.7–58.0) or oxytetracycline (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.4–33.8) was observed at farms that used an intrauterine infusion of oxytetracycline as a treatment for metritis when compared to those farms that did not use this practice. Findings from this study indicate the need for further research supporting a broader understanding of farm practices driving AMR in cows with metritis, as well as data to increase the accuracy of breakpoints for AMR classification of intrauterine E. coli from cattle.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and risk factors for recovery of intrauterine Escherichia coli from cows with metritis on California commercial dairy farms

Basbas

Garzon

Silva-del-Río

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is not labeled for use in cattle. This high level of EC resistance to tiamulin is in agreement with results from a California-wide AMR cohort study [41]. EC are intrinsically resistant to the macrolides erythromycin and azithromycin; however, we saw low levels of resistance to tulathromycin (25.18%) and tildipirosin (6.83%).…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotype Of Fecal Commensals From ...supporting

confidence: 90%

“…Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) resistance breakpoints are adopted from Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute VET08[39]. MIC resistance breakpoints adopted from Abdelfattah et al[41] are denoted with a .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Group Housing of Preweaned Dairy Calves: Health and Fecal Commensal Antimicrobial Resistance Outcomes

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of group housing (three calves per group) on bovine respiratory disease (BRD), diarrhea and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to fecal commensal Escherichia coli (EC) and enterococci/streptococci (ES). Our study comprised two arms, one experimental and one observational. In the experimental arm, preweaned calves on a California dairy were randomized to either individual (IND; n = 21) or group (GRP; n = 21) housing, using a modified California-style wooden hutch. The study period lasted from birth to 56 days of age, during which calves were health scored daily. Cumulative incidence and hazard ratios were estimated for disease. Antimicrobial resistance outcomes were assessed using a prospective cohort design; feces were collected from each calf three times per week and EC and ES were evaluated for AMR using the broth microdilution method against a panel of 19 antimicrobial drugs (AMD). Analysis of treatment records was used to select calves that had been exposed (EXP) to an AMD-treated calf. In GRP, exposure occurred when a calf was a hutchmate with an AMD-treated calf. In IND, exposure occurred when a calf was a neighbor with an AMD-treated calf (TRT). Age-matched unexposed calves (UNEXP) were then selected for comparison. Proportions of AMR in fecal commensals among EXP, UNEXP, and TRT calves were compared between GRP and IND. Accelerated failure time survival regression models were specified to compare differences in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fecal commensals between EXP and UNEXP calves within each of GRP and IND calves separately. Group calves had a BRD hazard 1.94 times greater that of IND calves (p = 0.03), using BRD treatment records as the outcome. For AMR in EC isolates, higher resistance to enrofloxacin was detected in enrofloxacin-EXP GRP isolates compared with enrofloxacin-EXP IND isolates, and UNEXP GRP calves had lower resistance to ceftiofur compared with enrofloxacin-EXP and enrofloxacin-TRT calves. A significant housing-by-time interaction was detected for EC ceftiofur MIC in EXP GRP calves at 4–14 days post exposure to enrofloxacin (MIC EXP-UNEXP: µg/mL (95% CI): 10.62 (1.17, 20.07)), compared with UNEXP calves. The findings of this study show an increase in BRD hazard for group-housed calves and an increase in ceftiofur resistance in group-housed calves exposed to an enrofloxacin-treated calf.

show abstract

“…Selective growth media, E. coli Chromoselect Agar B and Rapid Enterococci Chromoselect Agar, following manufacturer guidelines (MilliporeSigma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), were used for culture and isolation of the respective bacterial types as previously described (Abdelfattah et al, 2021). Briefly, each fecal sample was streaked on the respective selective media using sterile cotton tipped applicators (Puritan Medical Products Co LLC, Guilford, Maine, USA) and incubated at 44°C (E. coli) or 35°C (Enterococcus spp.)…”

Section: Isolation Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates from beef cow-calf operations in northern California and associations with farm practices

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Antimicrobials are necessary for the treatment of bacterial infections in animals, but increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a concern for veterinarians and livestock producers. This cross-sectional study was conducted on cow-calf operations in northern California to assess prevalence of AMR in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. shed in feces of beef cattle of different life stages, breeds, and past antimicrobial exposures and to evaluate if any significant factors could be identified that are associated with AMR status of the isolates. A total of 244 E. coli and 238 Enterococcus isolates were obtained from cow and calf fecal samples, tested for susceptibility to 19 antimicrobials, and classified as resistant or non-susceptible to the antimicrobials for which breakpoints were available. For E. coli, percent of resistant isolates by antimicrobial were as follows: ampicillin 100% (244/244), sulfadimethoxine 25.4% (62/244), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 4.9% (12/244), and ceftiofur 0.4% (1/244) while percent of non-susceptible isolates by antimicrobial were: tetracycline 13.1% (32/244), and florfenicol 19.3% (47/244). For Enterococcus spp., percent of resistant isolates by antimicrobial were as follows: ampicillin 0.4% (1/238) while percent of non-susceptible isolates by antimicrobial were tetracycline 12.6% (30/238) and penicillin 1.7% (4/238). No animal level or farm level management practices, including antimicrobial exposures, were significantly associated with differences in isolate resistant or non-susceptible status for either E. coli or Enterococcus isolates. This is contrary to the suggestion that administration of antibiotics is solely responsible for development of AMR in exposed bacteria and demonstrates that there are other factors involved, either not captured in this study or not currently well understood. In addition, the overall use of antimicrobials in this cow-calf study was lower than other sectors of the livestock industry. Limited information is available on cow-calf AMR from fecal bacteria, and the results of this study serve as a reference for future studies to support a better understanding and estimation of drivers and trends for AMR in cow-calf operations.

show abstract

Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on California dairies: descriptive and cluster analyses of AMR phenotype of fecal commensal bacteria isolated from adult cows

Cited by 13 publications

References 71 publications

Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and risk factors for recovery of intrauterine Escherichia coli from cows with metritis on California commercial dairy farms

Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and risk factors for recovery of intrauterine Escherichia coli from cows with metritis on California commercial dairy farms

Effect of Group Housing of Preweaned Dairy Calves: Health and Fecal Commensal Antimicrobial Resistance Outcomes

Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates from beef cow-calf operations in northern California and associations with farm practices

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About