Epidemiology of Anuran Pathology in the Holocene Component of the Hiscock Site: Rare or Not Survived

Rothschild, Bruce M.; Laub, Richard S.

doi:10.1670/11-255

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Examination of frog vertebrae from the Hiscock site (Rothschild and Laub, ), a Paleoindian archaeological excavation in western New York (United States) dated at 9000 years before present, revealed only six congenital vertebral anomalies. This represented examined 0.2% of bones, a frequency indistinguishable from that noted in temnospondyls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Malformations of the Vertebral Column in Ancient Amphibians

Witzmann

Rothschild

Hampe

et al. 2013

Anat Histol Embryol

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Temnospondyls, the largest group of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic amphibians, primitively possess rhachitomous vertebrae with multipartite centra (consisting of one horse-shoe-shaped inter- and paired pleurocentra). In a group of temnospondyls, the stereospondyls, the intercentra became pronounced and disc-like, whereas the pleurocentra were reduced. We report the presence of congenital vertebral malformations (hemi, wedge and block vertebrae) in Permian and Triassic temnospondyls, showing that defects of formation and segmentation in the tetrapod vertebral column represent a fundamental failure of somitogenesis that can be followed throughout tetrapod evolution. This is irrespective of the type of affected vertebra, that is, rhachitomous or stereospondylous, and all components of the vertebra can be involved (intercentrum, pleurocentrum and neural arch), either together or independently on their own. This is the oldest known occurrence of wedge vertebra and congenital block vertebra described in fossil tetrapods. The frequency of vertebral congenital malformations in amphibians appears unchanged from the Holocene.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Malformations of the Vertebral Column in Ancient Amphibians

Witzmann

Rothschild

Hampe

et al. 2013

Anat Histol Embryol

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“…Such surveys have been attempted in numerous fossil systems (e.g. non-avian dinosaurs [1], and Pleistocene carnivorans [2] and frogs [3]); however, baseline data are largely lacking for ancient marine systems. Such data can provide not only new information relevant to the palaeoecology of specific taxa, but can also shed light on the relationship between the prevalence of skeletal trauma/disease and life history, trophic level and environmental parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeoepidemiology in extinct vertebrate populations: factors influencing skeletal health in Jurassic marine reptiles

2019

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Palaeoepidemiological studies related to palaeoecology are rare, but have the potential to provide information regarding ecosystem-level characteristics by measuring individual health. In order to assess factors underlying the prevalence of pathologies in large marine vertebrates, we surveyed ichthyosaurs (Mesozoic marine reptiles) from the Posidonienschiefer Formation (Early Jurassic: Toarcian) of southwestern Germany. This Formation provides a relatively large sample from a geologically and geographically restricted interval, making it ideal for generating baseline data for a palaeoepidemiological survey. We examined the influence of taxon, anatomical region, body size, ontogeny and environmental change, as represented by the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, on the prevalence of pathologies, based on a priori ideas of factors influencing population skeletal health. Our results show that the incidence of pathologies is dependent on taxon, with the small-bodied genus Stenopterygius exhibiting fewer skeletal pathologies than other genera. Within Stenopterygius , we detected more pathologies in large adults than in smaller size classes. Stratigraphic horizon, a proxy for palaeoenvironmental change, did not influence the incidence of pathologies in Stenopterygius . The quantification of the occurrence of pathologies within taxa and across guilds is critical to constructing more detailed hypotheses regarding changes in the prevalence of skeletal injury and disease through Earth history.

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“…The extensive amount of available dinosaur material allows for derivation of some palaeoepidemiological inferences 3,9 . In contrast, documentation of neoplasms in non-amniotes is scarce, both in the herpetological and paleontological literature [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . Osseous abnormalities of unknown origin, which can be considered neoplastic, were identi ed in the extinct Late Cretaceous giant salamander of Uzbekistan 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An insight into cancer palaeobiology: Does the Mesozoic neoplasm support Tissue Organization Field Theory of tumorigenesis?

Surmik

Słowiak-Morkovina

Szczygielski

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Neoplasms are common across the animal kingdom and seem to be a feature plesiomorphic for metazoans, related with an increase in somatic complexity. The fossil record of cancer complements our knowledge of the origin of neoplasms and vulnerability of various vertebrate taxa. Here, we document the rst undoubted record of primary malignant bone tumour in a Mesozoic non-amniote. The diagnosed osteosarcoma developed in the vertebral intercentrum of a temnospondyl amphibian, Metoposaurus krasiejowensis from the Krasiejów locality, southern Poland. A wide array of data collected from gross anatomy and microstructure of the affected intercentrum reveals the tumour growth dynamics and pathophysiological aspects of the neoplasm formation on the histological level. The neoplastic bone mimics on the structural level the fast growing brolamellar bone, but on the histological level develops through a novel ossi cation type. The physiological process of bone remodelling inside the endochondral domain continued uninterrupted across the pathology of the periosteal part. Based on the results, we discuss our case study's consistence with the Tissue Organization Field Theory of tumorigenesis, which locates the causes of neoplastic transformations in disorders of tissue architecture.

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Epidemiology of Anuran Pathology in the Holocene Component of the Hiscock Site: Rare or Not Survived

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Congenital Malformations of the Vertebral Column in Ancient Amphibians

Congenital Malformations of the Vertebral Column in Ancient Amphibians

Palaeoepidemiology in extinct vertebrate populations: factors influencing skeletal health in Jurassic marine reptiles

An insight into cancer palaeobiology: Does the Mesozoic neoplasm support Tissue Organization Field Theory of tumorigenesis?

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