Epidemiology of biopsy‐proven glomerulonephritis in <scp>Q</scp>ueensland adults

Jegatheesan, Dev; Nath, Karthik; Reyaldeen, Reza; Sivasuthan, Goutham; John, George T.; Francis, Leo; Rajmokan, Mohana; Ranganathan, Dwarakanathan

doi:10.1111/nep.12559

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Extracapillary proliferation was confirmed by silver stain (Supplementary Figure S1A). Baseline epidemiology of the different histological subgroups roughly approximated those documented in the literature for both Australian [20, 21] and worldwide [22] data (Table 1). The exception was the immunoglobulin A (IgA) cohort, which differed in that it was uncharacteristically dominated by female patients.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

MMP2 and MMP9 associate with crescentic glomerulonephritis

Phillips

Fadia

Lea‐Henry

et al. 2016

Clinical Kidney Journal

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Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by multiple organ involvement. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common manifestation with a wide variety of histological appearances. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 are gelatinases capable of degrading glomerular basement membrane type IV collagen, which have been associated with LN. We examine the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in different classes of LN. Methods: MMP2 and MMP9 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in sections from renal biopsy specimens with class III, class IV and class V LN (total n = 31), crescentic immunoglobulin A nephropathy (n = 6), pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (n = 7), minimal change disease (n = 2), mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (n = 7), diabetic nephropathy (n = 12) and histologically normal controls (n = 8). Results: MMP2 and MMP9 were not expressed in all classes of LN, but were observed in LN with cellular and fibrocellular crescents. MMP2/MMP9 was expressed in cellular and fibrocellular crescents regardless of glomerulonephritis but not observed in inactive fibrous crescents or with mesangial proliferation. This suggests that MMP2 and MMP9 are involved in the development of extracapillary proliferative lesions. Conclusions: MMP2/MMP9 is expressed with active extracapillary proliferation. Further study is necessary to define whether the expression of MMP2/MMP9 reflects a role in glomerular repair after injury, a role in organ-level immune responses or a role as a marker of epithelialization.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

MMP2 and MMP9 associate with crescentic glomerulonephritis

Phillips

Fadia

Lea‐Henry

et al. 2016

Clinical Kidney Journal

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“…Common clinical characteristics of these diseases can include hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, edema and decreased urine output (Becquet et al 2010 ; Hamouda et al 2014 ; Li et al 2014 ; Ramanathan et al 2017 ). GN is commonly attributed to non-infectious causes including immune complex-mediated disease, or as a complication arising from cardiac surgery or critical illness requiring intensive care, although post-infectious causes also exist (Jegatheesan et al 2016 ; Kanjanabuch et al 2009 ; Li et al 2011 ; Okpechi et al 2010 ; Rosner and Okusa 2006 ). Kidney damage during GN, such as an acute kidney injury (AKI), is known to result from a multitude of factors including activation of the complement cascade, endothelial damage, leukocyte infiltration, pro-inflammatory signaling, necrosis and apoptosis (Akcay et al 2010 ; Allam et al 2012 ; Kaushal et al 2004 ; Thurman et al 2003 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partners in crime: neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages in inflammation and disease

2018

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Neutrophils are becoming recognized as highly versatile and sophisticated cells that display de novo synthetic capacity and potentially prolonged lifespan. Emerging concepts such as neutrophil heterogeneity and plasticity have revealed that, under pathological conditions, neutrophils may differentiate into discrete subsets defined by distinct phenotypic and functional characteristics. Indeed, these newly described neutrophil subsets will undoubtedly add to the already complex interactions between neutrophils and other immune cell types for an effective immune response. The interactions between neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages enable the host to efficiently defend against and eliminate foreign pathogens. However, it is also becoming increasingly clear that these interactions can be detrimental to the host if not tightly regulated. In this review, we will explore the functional cooperation of neutrophil and monocytes/macrophages in homeostasis, during acute inflammation and in various disease settings. We will discuss this in the context of cardiovascular disease in the form of atherosclerosis, an autoimmune disease mainly occurring in the kidneys, as well as the unique intestinal immune response of the gut that does not conform to the norms of the typical immune system.

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“…This suggests the possibility that multiple risk factors play a role in glomerulonephropathy, including environment and innate biological properties. Although immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) has been the most prevalent glomerulonephropathy described throughout most countries, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common in other countries, including the United States. [18][19][20][21][22][23] There have been variations in time periods as well, with a trend toward increased rates of FSGS in many countries.…”

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confidence: 99%