Epidemiology of Botrytis cinerea in Orchard and Vine Crops

Elmer, P. A. G.; Michailides, Themis J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2626-3_14

Cited by 117 publications

(172 citation statements)

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“…cinerea is a ubiquitous fungal pathogen; it is a necrotrophic, haploid, heterothallic ascomycete that attacks over 200 cultivated plant species and numerous wild plants, mostly dicotyledonous plants, worldwide (Elmer and Michailides, 2004). B. cinerea is a major pathogen of fruits, vegetables, ornamentals and forest trees in humid and temperate geographical zones across the world.…”

Section: The Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sclerotia play an important role in pathogen survival, dispersal and multiplication. They are commonly found on partially lignified grape shoots that are colonized by B. cinerea after early frosts in autumn (Elmer and Michailides, 2004). B. cinerea produces macroscopic, stipitate apothecia that originate from sclerotia (Faretra and Antonacci, 1987) (Figure 2D).…”

Section: The Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the temperature, B. cinerea mycelia can survive for up to 30 weeks in grape vine prunings (Elmer and Michailides, 2004).…”

Section: Survival Inoculum Sources and Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the latter, the accumulation of phytoalexins (e.g., resveratrol, a stilbene derivate), which are selfdefense secondary metabolites produced in immature grapes (Bavaresco et al, 1997;Flamini et al, 2013;Goetz et al, 1999;van Baarlen et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2013), and the synthesis of PR-proteins have been extensively studied (Elmer and Michailides, 2004;Williamson et al, 2007). The activation of latent infection in mature grape berries has been associated with the weakening of the natural defense barriers and the decline in phytoalexins during repining in susceptible grape cultivars (Bais et al, 2000;Goetz et al, 1999;Jeandet et al, 1991;Keller et al, 2003b;Pezet et al, 2003;Prusky and Lichter, 2007).…”

Section: Latent Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Training systems that promote a high canopy density tend to create favorable microclimate conditions around clusters, exposing grapes to longer periods of wetness, and thus fostering GM (Elmer and Michailides, 2004;Phillips et al, 1990). Therefore, to reduce GM severity, training systems that favor airflow around clusters should be preferred.…”

Section: Grapevine Training Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea limits grape production in Chile

2015

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by Botrytis cinerea is a major disease of grapes (Vitis vinifera) that substantially reduces the yield and quality of grape production in temperate and humid regions of the world. B. cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that attacks the non-lignified aerial organs of grapes; in particular, berries are highly susceptible during ripening. The polycyclic nature and exponential progress exhibited by GM at the beginning of the its epidemic, as well as the abundant inoculum production, the high dissemination efficiency, the wide host range and the high genetic variability of B. cinerea, explain the difficulties encountered in attempting to control GM. At present, integrated disease management, including cultural and chemical control, is the main control strategy. These control measures can be used to reduce the initial inoculum or to lower the disease infection rate. However, control measures that reduce the infection rate are the most effective means of controlling GM. Important progress toward understanding the complexity of the biology and epidemiology of this pathogen has occurred in recent decades. This has allowed the improvement and development of more effective and sustainable control strategies against B. cinerea. This review article provides a recent update regarding grape GM, with special emphasis on Chilean production conditions.

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Section: The Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the temperature, B. cinerea mycelia can survive for up to 30 weeks in grape vine prunings (Elmer and Michailides, 2004).…”

Section: Survival Inoculum Sources and Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Latent Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Grapevine Training Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea limits grape production in Chile

2015

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Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses provide evidence on the biocontrol mechanism responsible for the inhibition of Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata by Bacillus velezensis in kiwifruit

Zeng,

Li,

Leng

et al. 2024

Food Frontiers

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Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata are major pre‐ and postharvest plant pathogens of kiwifruit and responsible for significant economic losses. Although synthetic fungicides are the main source of controlling these pathogens, their use can lead to pathogen resistance, pollution of the environment, and their residues on agricultural produce can represent a health risk to humans. Bacillus velezensis is an ecofriendly bacterium with biocontrol potential. The objectives of the present study were to determine the efficacy of B. velezensis against B. cinerea and A. alternata, both of which are pre‐ and postharvest pathogens of kiwifruit, and investigate the mechanisms responsible for its biocontrol activity using transcriptomic and metabolomic methodology. Dual cultures of B. velezensis and either B. cinerea or A. alternata versus single cultures were used to conduct a transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to provide insight into the mechanism by which B. velezensis inhibits B. cinerea and A. alternata. A total of 2499 and 3248 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the B. velezensis/B. cinerea and B. velezensis/A. alternata comparisons, respectively. Genes related to sporulation, virulence, and hydrolase activity were downregulated in B. cinerea and A. alternata. Genes associated with MAPK signaling and the TCA cycle were also downregulated. Our study provides new insights into mechanism underlying the inhibition of B. cinerea and A. alternata by B. velezensis. Our results also demonstrate the potential of B. velezensis as a biocontrol agent against these two major pathogens of kiwifruit.

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