Epidemiology of cancers in Lahore, Pakistan, among children, adolescents and adults, 2010–2012: a cross-sectional study part 2

Abstract

ObjectivesTo estimate the cancer incidence by age group for the Lahore district population within the Punjab Cancer Registry (PCR), Pakistan. The average annual population of Lahore was 9.8 million in 2010–2012. This is a sequel to a study published earlier.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe registry has 19 centres in Lahore reporting their data to the coordinating office located within the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center (SKMCH&RC), Lahore, Pakistan.ParticipantsData existing in the PCR database, based on a confirmed diagnosis of cancer from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2012, among the Lahore residents, were reviewed.Outcome measuresCancer counts and the age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) per 100 000 population were computed by gender, cancer site/type and age group (0–14, 15–19 and ≥20 years).ResultsBetween 2010 and 2012, of the 15 840 new cancers diagnosed, 57% were in females. The ASIRs in age groups 0–14, 15–19 and ≥20 years, among females, were: 6.1, 8.4 and 170.7, respectively, and among males, 9.3, 12.2 and 104.5, respectively. The common diagnoses in children, adolescents and adults were: (1) among females: leukaemia: 2.2; bone tumour: 1.4 and breast cancer: 79.2, respectively, and (2) among males: leukaemia: 3.6; bone tumour: 2.4 and prostate cancer: 10.7, respectively.ConclusionsThe ASIR was higher in adult women than in men, but it was lower in girls and young women than their corresponding male counterparts. Leukaemia was the most common diagnosis in children and bone tumour in adolescents, regardless of gender. Among women, breast cancer and, in men, prostate cancer, were the leading cancer types, in adults. These estimates could be used for the expansion of health coverage in the region including setting-up low cost, diagnostic tests for early detection of cancers.

The Epidemiology of Pediatric Cancer in the Palliative Care Unit at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya

“…Research in China has shown that the majority of children with cancer are aged 0-5 years (57.14%) (Zheng et al, 2015), while results from Korea between 1999 and 2011 suggest that the highest prevalence is in children aged 10-14 years (32.20%) (Park et al, 2016). Research in Pakistan as a developing country shows that the most common age group to suffer from cancer is 5-9 years, with minimal differences between the other age groups (Badar & Mahmood, 2017). In contrast, research carried out in Thailand between 1985 and 2009 found that the age group most likely to have pediatric cancer was 0-4 years (Wiangnon, Jetsrisuparb, Komvilaisak, & Suwanrungruang, 2014), and research carried out in 1993-2012 in Northeast Thailand found the same (Wongmeerit, Suwanrungruang, Jetsrisuparb, Komvilaisak, & Wiangnon, 2016).…”

“…Research in India and Pakistan has reported that leukemia is more common in male children aged 0-4 years. Indeed, leukemia is the most common childhood cancer globally, accounting for 30-50% of pediatric cancer cases in Eastern Mediterranean countries, 20-40% in the USA, and 40-50% in Europe (Asthana, Labani, Mehrana, & Bakhshi, 2018;Badar & Mahmood, 2017). The most common types of leukemia that occur in children and adolescents in the USA are ALL and Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML).…”

Cancer incidence and mortality trends in Metropolitan Lima young adults, 1990–2012

“…International reports, conversely, show a nearly constant incidence of this neoplasm [3,4]. The causes of brain and central nervous system neoplasms are unknown, in addition to the heterogeneous group they represent [16,17]. Some risk factors have been described, including: exposure to radiation, chemical products, infection; a prior history of cancer, genetic conditions and family histories [5,18].…”

Human papillomavirus is the cause of human prostate cancer

“…McNicol and Dodd 11 detected HPV even in prostate cancer (PC) tissues of adults. Oddly enough, PC has not been documented in very young and sexually inactive male 12 children. The mortality burden of PC has risen to over 360,000 deaths per year 13 .…”