Epidemiology of Chagas Disease

Chuit, Roberto; Meiss, Roberto P.; Salvatella, Roberto

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00054-7_4

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Estimates of CD prevalence have decreased markedly in the last decades, from 17 million in 1980 to less than 6 million in 2010, which has been attributed to coordinated programmes aiming to interrupt transmission of CD [11]. Indeed, as vector and blood transfusion transmission has been interrupted in many countries (Uruguay, Chile, Brazil, Paraguay, Honduras, Nicaragua, Belize, and some states of Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Panamá, Costa Rica), the number of new cases has dropped substantially [12]. However, there are still some areas where vector-based transmission occurs, possibly related to the existence of high-density vector infestation and delayed implementation of vector-control interventions.…”

Section: What Is Chagas Disease?mentioning

confidence: 99%

WHF IASC Roadmap on Chagas Disease

Echeverría

Marcus

Novick

et al. 2020

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114

106

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Background: Chagas Disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, with some of the most serious manifestations affecting the cardiovascular system. It is a chronic, stigmatizing condition, closely associated with poverty and affecting close to 6 million people globally. Although historically the disease was limited to endemic areas of Latin America recent years have seen an increasing global spread. In addition to the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease, the social and economic burdens on individuals and society are substantial. Often called the 'silent killer', Chagas disease is characterized by a long, asymptomatic phase in affected indivi duals. A pproximately 30% then go on develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy and other serious cardiac complications such as stroke, rhythm disturbances and severe heart failure. Methods: In a collaboration of the World Hearth Federation (WHF) and the Inter-American S ociety of Cardiology (IASC) a writing group consisting of 20 diverse experts on Chagas disease (CD) was convened. The group provided up to date expert knowledge based on their area of expertise. An extensive review of the literature describing obstacles to diagnosis and treatment Echeverría et al: WHF IASC Roadmap on Chagas Disease Art. 26, page 2 of 31 of CD along with proposed solutions was conducted. A survey was sent to all WHF Members and, using snowball sampling to widen the consultation, to a variety of health care professionals working in the CD global health community. The results were analyzed, open comments were reviewed and consolidated, and the findings were incorporated into this document, thus ensuring a consensus representation. Results: The WHF IASC Roadmap on Chagas Disease offers a comprehensive summary of current knowledge on prevention, diagnosis and management of the disease. In providing an analysis of 'roadblocks' in access to comprehensive care for Chagas disease patients, the document serves as a framework from which strategies for implementation such as national plans can be formulated. Several dimensions are considered in the analysis: healthcare system capabilities, governance, financing, community awareness and advocacy. Conclusion: The WHF IASC Roadmap proposes strategies and evidence-based solutions for healthcare professionals, health authorities and governments to help overcome the barriers to comprehensive care for Chagas disease patients. This roadmap describes an ideal patient care pathway, and explores the roadblocks along the way, offering potential solutions based on available research and examples in practice. It represents a call to action to decision-makers and health care professionals to step up efforts to eradicate Chagas disease.

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Section: What Is Chagas Disease?mentioning

confidence: 99%

WHF IASC Roadmap on Chagas Disease

Echeverría

Marcus

Novick

et al. 2020

Self Cite

114

106

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“…The common goals of these coordinated programs were to eradicate the main triatomine vectors of T. cruzi (Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma infestans, T. brasiliensis and T. dimidiata) in combination with mandatory serological blood-bank screening [5][6][7][8]. Indeed, as vector and blood transfusion transmission has been combated in many countries, the incidence of Chagas disease has dropped substantially over the last decades [9].…”

Section: Chagas Disease: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Funding for Chagas Disease: A 10-Year (2009–2018) Survey

2020

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Chagas disease was discovered in 1909 by the Brazilian scientist Carlos Chagas. After more than 110 years, many outcomes have been achieved in all research fields; however, Chagas disease remains a serious public health problem, mainly in Latin America, being one of the most neglected tropical diseases in the world. As a neglected disease, it receives very little financial support. Nevertheless, how much is actually spent? With this question in mind, the goal of the present work was to summarize all funding employed by multiple institutions in the Chagas disease field in a 10-year survey. From 2009 to 2018, Chagas disease received only USD 236.31 million, representing 0.67% of the total applied for all neglected diseases in this period. Mostly, the investments are concentrated in basic research (47%) and drug development (42.5%), with the public sector responsible for 74% of all funding, followed by the industry (19%) and philanthropy (7%). Relevantly, NIH (USA) alone accounted for more than half of the total investment. Taking into account that Chagas disease has a great socio-economic impact, it is clear that more investments are needed, especially from endemic countries. Furthermore, coordinated strategies to make better use of resources and incentives for the pharmaceutical industry must be adopted.

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“…1 CD is endemic to Central and South America, with approximately 8 million people infected with T. cruzi worldwide, and resulting in more than 10,000 deaths per year. 2,3 Previous studies have reported that CD may be acquired congenitally by vertical transmission. However, in non-endemic areas, including the United States of America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania, CD is transmitted primarily by blood transfusion or organ transplantation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently released trypomastigotes infect other cells, thereby continuing the lifecycle of T. cruzi. 2,9 Nifurtimox (NFX; Lampit ® ) and benznidazole (BZN; Rochagan ® , Radanil ® ) are the current standard treatments for CD, but both promote cytotoxic effects and exert carcinogenic activities in the host. Moreover, these drugs have demonstrated low efficacy in treating chronic phase CD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%