Epidemiology of Chikungunya in the Americas

Abstract

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) emerged in the Americas in late 2013 to cause substantial acute and chronic morbidity. About 1.1 million cases of chikungunya were reported within a year, including severe cases and deaths. The burden of chikungunya is unclear owing to inadequate disease surveillance and underdiagnosis. Virus evolution, globalization, and climate change may further CHIKV spread. No approved vaccine or antiviral therapeutics exist. Early detection and appropriate management could reduce the burden of severe atypical and chronic arthritic disease. Improved surveillance and risk assessment are needed to mitigate the impact of chikungunya.

A Case Report of Chikungunya Fever, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Felty’s Syndrome

“…CHIKF is an emerging viral infection that has spread widely, along with its Aedes mosquito vectors, through tropical and sub-tropical Africa, Asia, and the Americas, causing explosive epidemics of both acute illness and persistent, disabling arthritis [1]. Following acute infection, typically lasting for 1-2 weeks, approximately 35% of patients develop a second phase of illness; disabling, potentially chronic arthritis [7].…”

“…The CHIK epidemic has spread from Africa to Asia and now the entire tropical and sub-tropical world, infecting millions of people and causing major epidemics of disabling arthritis [1]. Both the pathogenesis and the clinical characteristics of chronic CHIK arthritis are incompletely characterized.…”

Examining the Potential for South American Arboviruses to Spread Beyond the New World

“…The recent emergence of ZIKV and CHIKV first in the Pacific regions and then in the Americas caused millions of infections and prompted a public health emergency [19, 59]. During these experiences, the body of knowledge regarding these viruses grew exponentially but also uncovered needed, unexplored avenues for better understanding of transmission and ultimately control.…”

“…Soon after the virus spread to 45 countries and territories in the Caribbean, and North, Central, and South America [19]. It was determined that this initial epidemic was caused by strains of the Asian lineage and not by ECSA-IOL lineage [20, 21].…”

AeMOPE-1: um novo peptídeo imunomodulador salivar de <i>Aedes aegypti </i>com potencial terapêutico na colite experimental.

“…A formação da membrana peritrófica está diretamente relacionada à resistência ou susceptibilidade às infecções por parasitas febre Chikungunya, também endêmica em algumas regiões da África, tem se tornado uma preocupação para Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), devido aos casos recentes ocorridos na Ásia, África e em alguns países da Europa (LO PRESTI et al, 2014;THIBOUTOT et al, 2010). Nas Américas a doença emergiu no final do ano de 2013 e anualmente são notificados cerca de 1,1 milhões de casos, incluindo casos severos e óbitos (YACTAYO et al, 2016 …”