Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease—Scope of the Problem

Canney, Mark; Birks, Peter; Levin, Adeera

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815876-0.00006-1

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Chronic kidney disease (CKD) continues to show an increasing global burden in terms of mortality and disability-adjusted life years, 1 and it is believed that this trend is likely to aggravate over the next few decades due to the expanding aging population. 2 There is a high concentration of CKD cases within middle- and lower-income countries, 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 of which a considerable proportion do not have a clearly identifiable aetiology. 6 , 7 CKD without an identifiable cause, known as CKDu, has been reported from time to time from different regions around the world.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Renal Pathology in Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Etiology

Gunawardena

Dayaratne

Wijesinghe

et al. 2021

Kidney International Reports

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Introduction: Despite much research on chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka and the Mesoamerican nephropathy, the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease remains elusive. The pathology has broadly been described as chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis and no specific signature lesions have been identified.Methods: A scoping review was conducted through MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases for peerreviewed publications on biopsy studies related to CKDu -Sri Lanka and Mesoamerican nephropathy to develop a comparative and critical analysis of the renal pathology found in these patients.Results: Thirteen studies met the selection criteria. Interstitial fibrosis was the predominant lesion in all the studies. Tubulointerstitial and glomerular abnormalities showed a more variable distribution. No characteristic histopathological feature was reported other than a proximal tubular lysosomal inclusion body which was claimed to indicate a toxic etiology. Three main pathogenetic mechanisms were postulated: repeated acute insults leading to scarring, low-grade chronic insults leading to non-inflammatory fibrosis, and tubulointerstitial damage in combination with glomerular injury. The main limitations in the interpretation and comparative analysis of these studies were the heterogeneity in case selection and biopsy reporting.Conclusions: Although no characteristic histopathological feature could be found in CKDu-Sri Lanka or Mesoamerican nephropathy, there are noticeable differences between these two groups in the frequency and severity of the glomerular and tubulointerstitial changes which warrant more explorative studies preferably on kidneys in early stages of the disease. Future strategies should ensure that more uniform selection criteria and reporting methods are used.

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confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Renal Pathology in Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Etiology

Gunawardena

Dayaratne

Wijesinghe

et al. 2021

Kidney International Reports

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“…O senhor selecionado para o caso enquadra-se no perfil das pessoas com DRC, tendo como antecedentes, hipertensão, dislipidemia e doença vascular (2) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Diversos estudos definem-na pela taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) inferior a 60 ml/min/1,73m 2 e/ou uma presença de albumina-creatinina na urina superior ou igual a 30mg/g. Associado a este cenário, os principais fatores de risco incluem a existência de hipertensão e diabetes sendo também fatores importantes (2) .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…A DRC engloba 5 estádios, referentes ao nível de afeção renal baseado na TFG. O estágio 1 e 2 em que a TFG é inferior ou igual a 60ml/min/1,73m 2 e/ou presença de albumina-creatinina na urina superior ou igual a 30mg/g; o estágio 3 em que a TFG se situa entre 30-59ml/min/1,73m 2 ; o estágio 4 em que a TFG se situa entre 15-29ml/min/1,73m 2 e o estágio 5 em que a TFG é inferior a 15ml/min/1,73m 2 (3) .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Exercício físico no doente renal crónico de estádio 5 submetido a hemodiálise: estudo de caso

García

Sousa

Bico

2020

RPER

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Objetivo: conceber uma proposta de cuidados de enfermagem dirigida à intolerância à atividade, num indivíduo com Doença Renal Crónica de estádio 5 a cumprir programa de hemodiálise. Métodos: estudo descritivo do tipo estudo de caso, referente a indivíduo do sexo masculino, de 76 anos, em programa de hemodiálise. Foi utilizado o Modelo das Atividades de Vida de Roper, Logan e Tierney para a colheita de dados e taxonomia NANDA-I, NIC e NOC para suporte do plano de cuidados. Resultados: na avaliação inicial foram levantados 6 diagnósticos autónomos de enfermagem, dos quais se destacou um como prioritário: Intolerância à atividade (00092) e intervenções que promovam a atividade física e exercício físico. Conclusão: a intervenção da enfermagem tem um papel fundamental para a avaliação e intervenção no âmbito da atividade física e exercício físico em pessoas submetidas a hemodiálise, podendo diminuir a intolerância à atividade e subsequentemente melhorar a sua qualidade de vida. Descritores: Insuficiência renal crónica; Hemodiálise; Exercício físico; Qualidade de vida.

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“…Chronic Kidney Disease is abnormalities of kidney structure or function occurring for more than 3 months with implications for healths according to the definition from the KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) in 2012 [1]. The factors causing chronic kidney disease (CKD) are varied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Ketoacid Analogs With Dietary Protein Restriction in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Ammar¹

2022

IJRP

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Introduction Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is abnormalities of kidney structure or function occurring for more than 3 months with implications for healths. The use of many interventions to delay the need for dialysis treatment in patients with CKD in the last stage, until recently, is a primary challenge. We need to remember that high protein intake leads to an increase in glomerular pressure and hyperfiltration that negatively influence on the kidneys.Objective This review article was created to provide knowledge to medical personnel about the importance of nutritional intervention with protein restriction in chronic kidney disease patients. In order to improve the quality of life related to delay the need for hemodialysis. MethodsThe Method of making this review article by summarizing from various scientific journal articles, most of which have been published in the last 10 years through BMC Nephrology, NEJM, IJBCP, BMJ Global Health, and J Am Soc Nephrology.Result One of the existing interventions, nowadays, is using the very low-protein diet intervention (0.3-0.4 g protein/kgBW/day). However, the impact of this dietary protein restriction can increase the risk of malnutrition and cachexia. The many research currently available show that safe protein requirement is needed for the body, such as giving ketoacid analogs. Ketoacid analogs can be used as a substitute for each amino acid without providing nitrogen products. ConclusionThe very low-protein diet with ketoacid analogs has many benefits, for example, providing sufficient and optimal energy and nutrition to prevent malnutrition. Besides, the other benefits are the ability to reduce the uremic toxins, reduce proteinuria, increase the calcium and phosphate metabolism, repair the insulin sensitivity, improve the lipid profile, inhibiting the progress of CKD, and prevent cachexia.

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Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease—Scope of the Problem

Cited by 7 publications

References 119 publications

A Systematic Review of Renal Pathology in Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Etiology

A Systematic Review of Renal Pathology in Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Etiology

Exercício físico no doente renal crónico de estádio 5 submetido a hemodiálise: estudo de caso

The Role of Ketoacid Analogs With Dietary Protein Restriction in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

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