Epidemiology of classical swine fever in Germany in the 1990s

Fritzemeier, J

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00254-6

Cited by 217 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The farm-gate buyers enter farms to collect pigs, some of which may be infected, and subsequent visits to naïve pig populations by them or other farmers within the neighbourhood may seed infection inadvertently. Prior studies have established the neighbourhood effect and the role of farmgate buyers in the spread of pig disease (Anon, 2011;Fritzemeier et al, 2000;Penrith et al, 2012). In our analysis, somewhat surprisingly, the presence of a gate at the point of entry to a farm and the presence of a lock for each pig pen were significantly associated with ASF infection and outbreaks on the farm (Table 4).…”

Section: Risk and Protective Factorssupporting

confidence: 47%

Drivers and risk factors for circulating African swine fever virus in Uganda, 2012–2013

Kabuuka

Kasaija

Mulindwa

et al. 2014

Research in Veterinary Science

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We explored observed risk factors and drivers of infection possibly associated with African swine fever (ASF) epidemiology in Uganda. Representative sub-populations of pig farms and statistics were used in a case-control model. Indiscriminate disposal of pig viscera and waste materials after slaughter, including on open refuse dumps, farm-gate buyers collecting pigs and pig products from within a farm, and retention of survivor pigs were plausible risk factors. Wire mesh-protected windows in pig houses were found to be protective against ASF infection. Sighting engorged ticks on pigs, the presence of a lock for each pig pen and/or a gate at the farm entrance were significantly associated with infection/non-infection; possible explanations were offered. Strict adherence to planned within-farm and community-based biosecurity, and avoidance of identified risk factors is recommended to reduce infection. Training for small-scale and emerging farmers should involve multidimensional and multidisciplinary ap-proaches to reduce humanrelated risky behaviours driving infection.

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Section: Risk and Protective Factorssupporting

confidence: 47%

Drivers and risk factors for circulating African swine fever virus in Uganda, 2012–2013

Kabuuka

Kasaija

Mulindwa

et al. 2014

Research in Veterinary Science

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“…Such a high hunting pressure is also supposed to maintain a high birth rate in populations of wild boars through density-dependent mechanisms [33,37]. We thus propose that a high hunting pressure may have favoured the maintenance of infection in the area, since healthy individuals may have rapidly replaced immune ones [17,19,37].…”

Section: Hypothesis On the Temporal And Spatial Variation In Incidencementioning

confidence: 97%

“…are regarded as potential reservoirs of CSF [24]. Since the CSF virus (CSFV) is able to survive in fomites and meat for several months [16], cross-contamination between wild boars and pigs may occur either through direct contact or through swill feeding of contaminated wild boars meat to commercial pigs [17]. Thus, the monitoring of CSF in populations of wild boars has become mandatory in the European Community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term monitoring of classical swine fever in wild boar (Sus scrofa sp.) using serological data

et al. 2005

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-In the European Community, epizootics of classical swine fever (CSF) in the wild boar (Sus scrofa) are compulsorily monitored because transmission may occur between wild boars and domestic pigs, causing heavy economic losses to the pork industry. The estimation of incidence in populations of wild boars is generally based on viroprevalence. However, viral isolation becomes rare when the incidence is low because the virus cannot be detected for more than a few weeks following infection. On the contrary, seroprevalence is detectable at low incidence levels, because antibodies can be detected for the lifetime of the infected animal. We thus attempted to analyse the long-term evolution of CSF incidence using serological data. The data came from France, where CSF had been monitored from 1992 to 2002, and where the virus has not been detected since 1997. We assumed that the overall seroprevalence would estimate the proportion of immune wild boars, that seroprevalence in juveniles would approximate incidence and that seroprevalence in different age classes would show the evolution of incidence in a given cohort. Spatial and temporal trends of incidence and seroprevalence were explored using logistic modelling and the spatial trend was analysed using polynomial regression. In 1992, incidence peaked in the northern area. After 1993, incidence decreased but remained the highest in the northern area. After 2000, no seropositive juvenile was observed, suggesting the extinction of the epizootic. Our results support the reliability of serological monitoring since it allowed a longer detection of viral transmission and provided more information on the spatio-temporal evolution of incidence than did viral isolation. We advocate that the highest persistence of infection in northeastern France is not independent from infection persistence in Reinland-Pfalz (Germany). Such persistence may be due to favourable local conditions and/or the social organisation of wild boars.classical swine fever / wild boar / spatial / monitoring / serology

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“…Classical swine fever is a highly contagious disease of pigs and wild boar with a widespread worldwide distribution (Moennig, 2000;Klinkenberg, 2005) and a particularly impact on high pig density areas like the border area between the Netherlands and Germany (Fritzemeier et al, 2000;Stegeman et al, 2000;de Vos et al, 2003). The outbreak of CSF in North Rhine Westphalia in March 2006 has underlined the perception, that the control of CSF outbreaks within Europe is still an unfinished task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross border Classical Swine Fever control: Improving Dutch and German crisis management systems by an integrated public-private approach

et al. 2008

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The objective of this research approach is to analyse in which ways crisis management measures against Classical Swine Fever (CSF) can be improved by a public private cross border model. A core activity contains the analysis of information and communication systems: In a case study it has been empirically analysed if a sufficient supply of public and private information enables crisis managers at both sides of the Dutch-German border area to take decisions about CSF control more efficient. At the end of this approach a new crisis management model had been developed. One of the most important aspects thereby is the assessment of data: (1) within private quality management systems in normal times according to the benefit for public management tasks in times of crisis and (2) within public crisis management systems according to the benefit for cross-border CSF-control activities. To this effect two different methodological approaches have been combined within the model: (1) a method to identify and illustrate public actors and their options in crisis management decision making and (2) a system of communication and information exchange between public and private as well as Dutch and German actors (engage & exchange model) which permit to collect and to evaluate data in addition for a predefined time period are activated.

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Epidemiology of classical swine fever in Germany in the 1990s

Cited by 217 publications

References 9 publications

Drivers and risk factors for circulating African swine fever virus in Uganda, 2012–2013

Drivers and risk factors for circulating African swine fever virus in Uganda, 2012–2013

Long-term monitoring of classical swine fever in wild boar (Sus scrofa sp.) using serological data

Cross border Classical Swine Fever control: Improving Dutch and German crisis management systems by an integrated public-private approach

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