Epidemiology of CN IV Palsies

Gunderson, Charlise A.; Mazow, Malcolm L.; Avilla, Cynthia W.

doi:10.3368/aoj.51.1.99

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[ 2 ] Traumatic cases were more common than other types of acquired cases as previously described. [ 2 3 4 18 ] Bilateral SOP was present in only 5.3% of our cohort, which is lower than percentages reported in other series. [ 19 ] This difference could be explained by the fact that bilateral cases are most frequently acquired and respond well to botulinum toxin alone;[ 4 5 ] therefore, they were excluded from our study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Surgical treatment of superior oblique palsy: Predictors of outcome

Sanz

Escribano

Liaño

et al. 2017

Indian J Ophthalmol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and outcome of surgically treated superior oblique palsy (SOP) and the factors involved in its resolution.Methods:We performed a retrospective study of 76 patients who underwent surgery for SOP. We recorded data from the physical examination and the number and type of procedures performed. Favorable outcome was defined as resolution of or improvement in torticollis (≤5°) and diplopia in primary position (PP) and downgaze or as vertical deviation (VD) <5 prism diopters (pd) in PP and 10 pd in the oblique diagnostic position.Results:Mean age was 33.12 years. Congenital SOP was the most frequent type (65.8%). Mean preoperative VD was 15.89 ± 9.94 pd, decreasing to 3.07 ± 4.36 pd after surgery. Associated horizontal deviation was recorded in 51.32% of cases. The mean number of procedures was 1.37 ± 0.62 (range 1–4), with 69.7% of patients requiring only one procedure. The mean number of muscles operated on was 1.96 ± 1.01 (inferior oblique being the most frequent). A greater reduction in VD after surgery was observed in patients with congenital SOP (P = 0.04). Although none of the factors evaluated influenced surgical outcome, amblyopic patients had a greater risk of reoperation (P = 0.04). A favorable outcome was achieved in 75% of cases. Mean follow-up was 37.08 months.Conclusion:Congenital SOP was twice as frequent as acquired SOP and although surgery was successful in most cases, a greater reduction in VD was obtained in congenital cases. Amblyopia was identified as a risk factor for reoperation.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…Superior oblique palsy (SOP) is the most frequent form of paralytic vertical strabismus and cranial nerve palsy. [ 1 2 3 ] It can be unilateral or bilateral and congenital or acquired. [ 4 5 ]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical treatment of superior oblique palsy: Predictors of outcome

Sanz

Escribano

Liaño

et al. 2017

Indian J Ophthalmol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The etiology of bilateral paralysis differs with age: in infancy, most cases are congenital (3) (masked bilateral), and in adulthood, most are acquired, generally secondary to a head injury and associated with severe neurologic problems that prevent early diagnosis and treatment (1, 4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Superior Oblique Palsy: Etiology and Therapeutic Options

Merino

Rojas

Liaño

et al. 2013

European Journal of Ophthalmology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a study by Gunderson, 70% of the samples with superior oblique palsy aged less than 10 years and 51% of the samples aged 21–40 years had congenital palsy, indicating an increase in traumatic superior oblique palsy in this age group when compared to childhood. 20 Considering the actions of this muscle (inversion, depression, and abduction), if a problem occurs in the actions of this muscle in one eye, the head moves in the opposite direction of the action of the defective muscle. This abnormal position of the head, in addition to its effects on the basal tonicity of the face and neck muscles, can cause changes in the visual habits of the person.…”

Section: Superior Oblique Palsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial asymmetry in ocular torticollis

Akbari

Khorrami-Nejad

Askarizadeh

et al. 2015

Journal of Current Ophthalmology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Torticollis can arise from nonocular (usually musculoskeletal) and ocular conditions. Some facial asymmetries are correlated with a history of early onset ocular torticollis supported by the presence of torticollis on reviewing childhood photographs. When present in an adult, this type of facial asymmetry with an origin of ocular torticollis should help to confirm the chronicity of the defect and prevent unnecessary neurologic evaluation in patients with an uncertain history. Assessment of facial asymmetry consists of a patient history, physical examination, and medical imaging. Medical imaging and facial morphometry are helpful for objective diagnosis and measurement of the facial asymmetry, as well as for treatment planning. The facial asymmetry in congenital superior oblique palsy is typically manifested by midfacial hemihypoplasia on the side opposite the palsied muscle, with deviation of the nose and mouth toward the hypoplastic side. Correcting torticollis through strabismus surgery before a critical developmental age may prevent the development of irreversible facial asymmetry. Mild facial asymmetry associated with congenital torticollis has been reported to resolve with continued growth after early surgery, but if asymmetry is severe or is not treated in the appropriate time, it might remain even with continued growth after surgery.

show abstract

Epidemiology of CN IV Palsies

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Surgical treatment of superior oblique palsy: Predictors of outcome

Surgical treatment of superior oblique palsy: Predictors of outcome

Bilateral Superior Oblique Palsy: Etiology and Therapeutic Options

Facial asymmetry in ocular torticollis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About