Epidemiology of contact allergy in adults

Schäfer, Torsten; Böhler, Eva; Ruhdorfer, S.; Weigl, L.; Wessner, D.; Filipiak, Birgit; Wichmann, H‐Erich; Ring, Johannes

doi:10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.00086.x

Cited by 328 publications

(277 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Marinovic-Kulisic et al [18] found that most common allergens were of similar relevance in contact dermatitis, regardless of the patients' age and sex. In contrast, the results of a German study indicated that contact dermatitis was more frequent in women than in men (50.2% vs. 29.9%, OR 2.36, CI 1.84-3.03), and that this involved fragrance mix, nickel, turpentine, cobalt chloride and thimerosal [19]. Gender-related drug allergy patterns have not been thoroughly studied, and the issue is awaiting further elucidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

The Prevalence of Allergic Diseases in Poland – the Results of the PMSEAD Study in Relation to Gender Differences

Liebhart¹,

Dobek²,

Małolepszy³

et al. 2014

Adv Clin Exp Med

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Background. Males and females exhibit different susceptibility to allergic diseases. Objectives. The aim of the study was to evaluate gender-related differences in the prevalence of allergic diseases in Poland. Material and Methods. To evaluate this problem, data from the Polish Multicenter Study of the Epidemiology of Allergic Diseases (PMSEAD) was analyzed. There were assessed 16,238 individuals, aged 3 to 80 years, among them 12,970 adults and 3,268 children. Results. In adults the prevalence of asthma was 5.4%, seasonal allergic rhinitis 8.5%, persistent allergic rhinitis 3.0%, atopic dermatitis 1.6%, contact dermatitis 2.0%, and drug allergy 8.6%. In children asthma was diagnosed in 8.6% of the individuals assessed, seasonal allergic rhinitis in 8.6%, persistent allergic rhinitis in 2.1%, atopic dermatitis in 4.7%, contact dermatitis in 1.1% and drug allergy in 8.9%. Among the children in the sample, significantly higher prevalence rates were found in boys than in girls for asthma (10.9% vs. 6.3%; OR = 1.81; p < 0.001), seasonal allergic rhinitis (9.8% vs 7.4%; OR = 1.37, p = 0.018) and persistent allergic rhinitis (2.6% vs. 1.5%; OR = 1.74, p = 0.029). When comparing the differences by gender among adults, there was a lower proportion of male than female subjects suffering from asthma (4.9% vs. 5.8%; OR = 0.83, p = 0.018), seasonal allergic rhinitis (7.6% vs. 9.3%; OR = 0.81, p = 0.001), atopic dermatitis (1.1% vs. 2.0%; OR = 0.53, p < 0.001), contact dermatitis (1.1% vs. 2.8%; OR = 0.39; p < 0.001) and drug allergy (5.1% vs. 11.6%; OR = 0.41, p < 0.001). Conclusions. The opposite susceptibility to allergic diseases among children and adults may indicate that sex hormones play an important role in this phenomenon (Adv Clin Exp Med 2014, 23, 5, 757-762).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

The Prevalence of Allergic Diseases in Poland – the Results of the PMSEAD Study in Relation to Gender Differences

Liebhart¹,

Dobek²,

Małolepszy³

et al. 2014

Adv Clin Exp Med

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“…In Finland, the prevalence of Cr(VI) sensitivity among 822 human volunteers was found to be 1.7% (4) and in Germany the prevalence in an unselected population of 1141 adults was 1.1% (22).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Quantitative aspects of contact allergy to chromium and exposure to chrome‐tanned leather

Hansen

Rydin²,

Menné

et al. 2002

Contact Dermatitis

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The potential of trivalent and hexavalent chromium to induce and elicit allergic contact dermatitis and the degree of chromium exposure from leather products are reviewed. Chromium dermatitis is often due to exposure in the occupational environment, with cement being one of the most common chromium sources. However, consumer products such as chromium(III)‐tanned leather products are also an important source of chromium exposure. Apart from Cr(III), which is used for tanning, leather often also contains trace amounts of Cr(VI), which is formed by oxidation of Cr(III) during the tanning process. In a recent study of the Cr(VI) content of leather products bought on the Danish market, 35% of such articles had a Cr(VI) content above the detection limit of 3 p.p.m., ranging from 3.6 p.p.m. to 14.7 p.p.m. Leachable Cr(III) was detected at levels of 430–980 p.p.m. An examination of available dose–response studies showed that exposure to occluded patch test concentrations of 7–45 p.p.m. Cr(VI) elicits a reaction in 10% of the chromium‐sensitive patients. When reviewing repeated open exposure studies, it is seen that either exposure to 5 p.p.m. Cr(VI) in the presence of 1% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or exposure to 10 p.p.m. Cr(VI) alone both elicit eczema in chromium‐sensitive patients. The eliciting capacity of Cr(III) has not been systematically investigated but, compared to Cr(VI), much higher concentrations are needed to elicit eczema.

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“…In many parts of the world, more than 20% of the adult population are suffering from contact allergy (2,4). It is a well-known occupational risk in health care personnel, metal workers, brick layers and hairdressers (2,5).…”

Section: Allergic Contact Sensitization In a General Population Intromentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of allergic contact sensitization in a general population in Tromso, Norway

Dotterud

2007

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Objectives. This study investigated the prevalence of contact sensitization in a general adult population and the relationship between the history of metal dermatitis and sensitization to metal allergens. Study design. A cross-sectional population study using patch tests and a questionnaire was conducted among adults in Tromsø, Northern Norway. Methods. A random sample of 830 participants aged 18-75 years were invited to participate in the patch testing and completed a 1-page self-administered questionnaire. Of the adults, 531 (64%) were actually TRUE tested (using a standardized, ready-to-apply patch test system) and completed the self-administered questionnaire about ear piercing, metal reactions, skin reactions to different allergens, atopic dermatitis, eczema, cooking equipment and diet. Results. The study showed that nickel (19.2%; women 31.1% and men 5.0%), fragrance mix (3.4%) and cobalt (1.7%) were the most prevalent allergens causing contact sensitization. For all other allergens, less than 1.1% tested positive. Eighty-four (45.2%) subjects with a positive history of metal dermatitis had negative patch tests. Conclusions. Contact sensitization was found frequently in this general adult population, especially to nickel and perfumes with a predominance among females. An eczematous reaction caused by cheap earrings seemed to be the best indicator for metal sensitivity.

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Epidemiology of contact allergy in adults

Abstract: It is concluded that contact allergy is influenced by sociodemographic parameters and plays an important role in the general population.

Cited by 328 publications

References 18 publications

The Prevalence of Allergic Diseases in Poland – the Results of the PMSEAD Study in Relation to Gender Differences

The Prevalence of Allergic Diseases in Poland – the Results of the PMSEAD Study in Relation to Gender Differences

Quantitative aspects of contact allergy to chromium and exposure to chrome‐tanned leather

The prevalence of allergic contact sensitization in a general population in Tromso, Norway

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