Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Jordan: 1983–1992

Abstract

The factors that contributed to the findings include infected rodent, nonexposed army recruits and farm workers, land reclamatory and relaxation of preventative measures.

Leishmaniaspecies and zymodemes isolated from endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Jordan

“…Further information on human cases [12] sandfly vectors [13], and reservoir hosts [14] from several localities were reported on both the incidence and the spread of the disease to other geographical locations in Jordan. Cases of CL were reported from many locations in the country [2,11,12]; both L. major and L. tropica were reported. More cases of L. major were reported in the central part of the Jordan valley.…”

Childhood cutaneous leishmaniasis: report of 117 cases from Iran

“…Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is still considered an important health problem in many parts of the world, especially the Mediterranean region, some countries of Africa, and almost all countries of the Middle East, including Iran (Momeni, 1994;Ozbel et al, 1995;Khoury et al, 1996;Alimohammadian et al, 1999). The prevalence of infection is high in some provinces of Iran, including Isfahan (Nadim and Faghih, 1968;Salimi, 2000), Shiraz (Moaddeb et al, 1993), Khorasan (Javadian et al, 1967), and Khozestan and Kerman (Nadim and Seyedi, 1971).…”

The endemicity of Leishmania tropica (zymodeme MON-137) in the Eira-Yarqa area of Salt District, Jordan

“…The governorate extends from the Jordan River in the southern JV in the west, to Amm an Governorate in the east (Fig.). Its western border includes a strip of the JV, from Deir Alla to Sweim eh, where CL is not only endemic but also more common than anywhere else in Jordan; in 1992, for example, 74% of the 463 cases encountered in the country originated from this focus (Khoury et al, 1996). Phytogeographically, this strip of the JV belongs to the Irano± Tura-nian region, in which CL is caused by L. major, maintained by the rodent Psammomys obesus (Saliba et al, 1994) and transmitted by Ph.…”

“…The occurrence of CL in the study area was not well docum ented until a few years ago, when sporadic cases of the disease were reported (Saliba et al, 1993;Khoury et al, 1996). Since then, cases with cutaneous lesions suggestive of CL are referred by a general practitioner, from the government clinic present in each village, to the derm atology clinic at the Hussein Hospital in the city of Salt.…”

“…The district is phytogeographically characterized as Mediterranean and sub-M editerranean. Prior to 1993, L. major was the only species known to cause CL in Jordan, in the three other phytogeographic regions of the country where the disease is endemic (Saliba et al, 1988(Saliba et al, , 1994Khoury et al, 1996). Leishm ania tropica was isolated again in 1994, from a case that had encountered CL at Ta® eleh, a Mediterranean area in the south of the country (E. K. Saliba ranean site, in the north of the country (Kamhawi et al, 1995a).…”