Epidemiology of dermatophyte infection in Auckland, New Zealand

Singh, Devraj; Patel, Denesh C; Rogers, Karen; Wood, Neil; Riley, David C.; Morris, Arthur J.

doi:10.1046/j.1440-0960.2003.00005.x

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Indeed, an increase in infection with increasing age is well established (28,43,53,96,98,107). This observation is consistent with the view that changes in the immune response which occur with advancing age lead to disease susceptibility.…”

Section: Dermatophytosis: An Increasing Problemsupporting

confidence: 84%

Allergy and Dermatophytes

Woodfolk

2005

Clin Microbiol Rev

147

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Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) and onychomycosis (infection of the toenails) caused by the dermatophyte fungus Trichophyton are highly prevalent in adults. Several Trichophyton allergens have been identified based on elicitation of immunoglobulin E antibody-mediated immediate-hypersensitivity (IH) responses. Evidence of an etiologic role for Trichophyton in asthma in some subjects with IH and chronic dermatophytosis is provided by bronchial reactivity to Trichophyton. Improvement of asthma after systemic antifungal treatment corroborates this link. A unique feature of Trichophyton allergens is the ability of the same antigen to elicit delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in individuals who lack IH reactivity. Delayed responses appear to confer protection, while IH responses do not, based on the association with acute versus chronic skin infection. The amino acid sequence identity of Trichophyton allergens with diverse enzyme families supports a dual role for these proteins in fungal pathogenesis and allergic disease. Characterizing the immunologic properties of Trichophyton allergens and defining immune mechanisms which drive dichotomous responses are pivotal to understanding the dermatophyte-allergy relationship. Recent studies have identified DTH-associated major T-cell epitopes which could facilitate the development of peptide vaccines. Characterization of additional molecular targets by using new techniques may aid not only in the eradication of infection but also in the resolution of allergic symptoms

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Section: Dermatophytosis: An Increasing Problemsupporting

confidence: 84%

Allergy and Dermatophytes

Woodfolk

2005

Clin Microbiol Rev

147

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“…Microsporum canis was more common in children, while the prevalence of T. mentagrophytes was significantly associated with the age of the patients. Incidence of mycotic infections was 2.9/1000 population, as for other Western countries (Singh et al 2003). These results were also confirmed by another study on Greek children under 13, affected by dermatomycoses: in this population, the most frequently isolated fungus was Microsporum canis followed by Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Swimming pools and fungi: An environmental epidemiology survey in Italian indoor swimming facilities

Brandi

Sisti

Paparini³

et al. 2007

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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A growing number of people attend swimming facilities for recreational activities, rehabilitative treatments, or sport. Filamentous fungi and yeast can be isolated from contaminated air, water and surfaces and may represent a biological risk for employees and users. Here we investigated the occurrence of mycotic species, in a sample of Italian swimming pools (n = 10). Detection and identification of isolated species were achieved by cultural and morphological methods. Results revealed moderate mycotic titres and a high biodiversity. Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria sp., were constantly detected in air and surfaces sampled by the swimming area, while pathogenic yeast Candida albicans was never detected. Fusarium spp. was the most common taxon isolated from surfaces. For one facility, we typed the genotypic profiles and studied, by genetic typing, the spatial and temporal distribution of isolates. Phylogenetic relationships between species were analysed by alignment of small ribosomal subunit RNA sequences.

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“…Contrary to a previous report, which found that the prevalence of T. mentagrophytes increases with age (15), we found that T. mentagrophytes infection was greatest among the middle-aged, which suggests that social interactions may be an important factor of T. mentagrophytes infection in Korea. Furthermore, the incidence rate in men was much higher than that in women.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Decreasing Incidence of Trichophyton mentagrophytes in Korea: Analysis of 6,250 Cases during the Last 21-Year-Period (1992-2012)

et al. 2014

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Trichophyton mentagrophytes is the second common dermatophyte in Korea. However, few reports have been issued on the epidemiological and mycological characteristics of T. mentagrophytes in Korea based on long-term, large-scale study. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the epidemiological and mycological characteristics of T. mentagrophytes in Korea. During the 21-yr-period from 1992 to 2012, 6,250 patients with T. mentagrophytes were surveyed to determine annual incidence and the distribution of subjects by age, sex, season, involved sites, and place of residence. T. mentagrophytes infections were confirmed by fungal culture. In addition, the colony appearance of T. mentagrophytes was classified as granular, persicolor, powdery, or downy. Epidemiological analysis showed that annual incidence reached a peak in 2005, and then gradually decreased. T. mentagrophytes infection was most common in July, and was found predominantly in middle-aged adults, especially in those in their forties. Mycological analysis showed a powdery colony appearance was the most common, followed by persicolor and granular colonies. Toewebs were most frequently involved. This investigation on T. mentagrophytes provides insights into its incidence and characteristics.Graphical Abstract

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Epidemiology of dermatophyte infection in Auckland, New Zealand

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Allergy and Dermatophytes

Allergy and Dermatophytes

Swimming pools and fungi: An environmental epidemiology survey in Italian indoor swimming facilities

Decreasing Incidence of Trichophyton mentagrophytes in Korea: Analysis of 6,250 Cases during the Last 21-Year-Period (1992-2012)

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