Epidemiology of facial clefting.

Owens, J R; Jones, J. W.; Harris, F.

doi:10.1136/adc.60.6.521

“…The over-all incidence of facial clefts was 0.52/1,000 live births, constituting 1.9% of all congenital malformations. 10 While maternal history of epilepsy was not present in any of the cases, there was a family history of facial clefts in four cases. Maternal and neonatal data of the study cases are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested that a genetic link with both epilepsy and the effect of anticonvulsants may be the etiologic factor in facial clefting. 10 This may explain the reason for lower frequency of facial clefts in the Arab population. However, the distribution pattern of various types of facial clefts is comparable to that reported from Europe and North America.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,12,17,18 Association of facial clefting in infants of epileptic mothers has been well documented. 10,[19][20][21] In our study, history of epilepsy or anticonvulsant drug intake was not present in any of the cases. It has been suggested that a genetic link with both epilepsy and the effect of anticonvulsants may be the etiologic factor in facial clefting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,[10][11][12] The defect is less common among black Americans and is reported to be high in the oriental race. 13 We have observed a low overall prevalence of facial clefts in Benghazi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advanced maternal age and high parity may be of importance. Environmental factors like climate, infections, and maternal dietary habits and drug use are also important, [6][7][8]10 for if these factors are identified, they might be prevented. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is generally more frequent in males, but in our study all the cases of cleft lip occurred in females; this may be related to the small sample size in our population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facial Clefting in Arab Infants

Mir

¹

,

Soni²,

Kishan³

et al. 1988

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Over a period of two years, 32,332 consecutive live-born babies were surveyed for facial clefts. A total of 17 patients with facial clefts were identified. After exclusion of the cases with other major congenital anomalies, the overall incidence of the facial clefts was 0.28/1,000 live births (alveolar, 0.12; postalveolar, 0.09; and prealveolar 0.06/1,000 live births). Maternal history of epilepsy and/or anticonvulsant drug intake was not present. There was a family history of facial clefts in four infants. Advanced maternal age and high parity were observed in seven (P < 0.05) and six (P < 0.05) cases, respectively. Six of the eight infants with major malformations died, with an overall mortality of 35.3%.NA Mir, ASJ Kishan, W Galczek, Facial Clefting in Arab Infants. 1988; 8(3): 206-208 MeSH KEYWORDS: Cleft palate-in infancy and childhood Perinatal mortality remains high in developing countries, 1,2 and congenital malformations are ranked as the leading cause of perinatal deaths.3 Facial clefts, one of the major congenital malformations, 4 result from interference with normal development and fusion of the embryonic frontonasal and maxillary processes.5 There is a strong genetic component in their etiology, but environmental factors have also been suggested from epidemiologic and experimental animal data.6-8 These malformations are readily recognized at birth and occur throughout the world with variable frequency. The epidemiology of facial clefting in the Arab population has not been reported previously. This prospective study surveyed the incidence and pattern of this congenital malformation in an Arab population. Subjects and MethodsThe subjects of this prospective study were all live-born babies born at Jamahiria Maternity Hospital, Benghazi, Libya, between 1 January 1982 and 31 December 1983. The hospital is the main maternity center in the eastern part of Libya, and over 96% of the deliveries in this region occur in this hospital. Standard physical examination of all newborns, including assessment of gestational age by the Dubowitz method, 9 was carried out by a qualified pediatrician or a senior pediatric resident within 48 hours of birth. The clefts were classified as (1) prealveolar, when only the upper lip was clef ting, varying from a notch in the red margin of the lip to a cleft extending into the floor of the nostrils; (2) postalveolar, when only palate was involved; and (3) alveolar, when clefting involved the upper lip, alveolus, and palate. Various clinical factors, such as maternal age and parity, gestation, mode of delivery, sex,

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Classification and birth prevalence of orofacial clefts

Tolarová

¹

,

Cervenka

²

1998

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To determine the proportion and birth prevalence of "typical" orofacial clefts (cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), cleft lip and palate (CLP)) and "atypical" clefts (median, transversal, or oblique facial clefts) and the conditions in which they occur, we analyzed a population-based sample of 4,433 cases ascertained from 2,509,881 California births. We classified cases into: isolated cleft anomalies, sequences of the primary defect, chromosomal aberrations, monogenic syndromes, results of known teratogens, associations, multiple congenital anomaly (MCA) of unknown etiology, or conjoined twins. The birth prevalence of isolated CL+/-P was 0.77 per 1,000 births (CL 0.29/1,000, CLP 0.48/1,000) and of isolated CP, 0.31 per 1,000 births. Non-Hispanic Whites had the greatest prevalence of isolated clefts, Asians slightly lower prevalences, and Blacks the lowest. Asians had the lowest prevalence of Robin sequence and nonHispanic Whites the highest, twice that of Hispanics. Hispanics, followed by Asians, had the highest prevalence of CL+/-P with MCA; non-Hispanic Whites had the lowest. Asians had the lowest prevalence of CP; in Whites and Hispanics it was almost twice as high. Blacks had the highest CL:CLP ratio, followed by non-Hispanic Whites and Asians; Hispanics had the lowest. Isolated anomalies constituted 61.67% of clefts. In the total sample there were 3.9% sequences, 8.79% chromosomal aberrations, 6.02% monogenic syndromes, 0.2% known teratogens, 0.79% associations, 18.55% MCA of unknown etiology, and 0.1% in conjoined twins. This study supports evaluation of each child on a "case" level, and provides a framework for genetic counseling and other studies focused on causes and prevention of these serious anomalies.

show abstract

Classification and birth prevalence of orofacial clefts

Tolarová¹,

Cervenka²

1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To determine the proportion and birth prevalence of "typical" orofacial clefts (cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), cleft lip and palate (CLP)) and "atypical" clefts (median, transversal, or oblique facial clefts) and the conditions in which they occur, we analyzed a population-based sample of 4,433 cases ascertained from 2,509,881 California births. We classified cases into: isolated cleft anomalies, sequences of the primary defect, chromosomal aberrations, monogenic syndromes, results of known teratogens, associations, multiple congenital anomaly (MCA) of unknown etiology, or conjoined twins. The birth prevalence of isolated CL+/-P was 0.77 per 1,000 births (CL 0.29/1,000, CLP 0.48/1,000) and of isolated CP, 0.31 per 1,000 births. Non-Hispanic Whites had the greatest prevalence of isolated clefts, Asians slightly lower prevalences, and Blacks the lowest. Asians had the lowest prevalence of Robin sequence and nonHispanic Whites the highest, twice that of Hispanics. Hispanics, followed by Asians, had the highest prevalence of CL+/-P with MCA; non-Hispanic Whites had the lowest. Asians had the lowest prevalence of CP; in Whites and Hispanics it was almost twice as high. Blacks had the highest CL:CLP ratio, followed by non-Hispanic Whites and Asians; Hispanics had the lowest. Isolated anomalies constituted 61.67% of clefts. In the total sample there were 3.9% sequences, 8.79% chromosomal aberrations, 6.02% monogenic syndromes, 0.2% known teratogens, 0.79% associations, 18.55% MCA of unknown etiology, and 0.1% in conjoined twins. This study supports evaluation of each child on a "case" level, and provides a framework for genetic counseling and other studies focused on causes and prevention of these serious anomalies.

show abstract

Epidemiology of facial clefting.

Cited by 83 publications

References 15 publications

Facial Clefting in Arab Infants

Facial Clefting in Arab Infants

Classification and birth prevalence of orofacial clefts

Classification and birth prevalence of orofacial clefts

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