Epidemiology of Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Among Young Women in Costa Rica

Porras, Carolina; Safaeian, Mahboohbeh; González, Paula; Hildesheim, Allan; Silva, Sandra; Schiffman, Mark; Rodríguez, Ana Cecilia; Wacholder, Sholom; Freer, Enrique; Quint, Koen D.; Bratti, Concepción; Espinoza, Albert; Cortés, Bernal; Herrero, Rolando

doi:10.1097/olq.0b013e3181644b4c

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We found that tobacco smoking was associated with CT infection, similar to the findings of a study among women aged 18-25 years in Costa Rica [46]. The immunosuppressive effect of cigarette smoking on the cervical epithelium -due to a decrease in the concentration of Langerhans' cells and hence reduced ability to present viral antigens to T lymphocytes and subsequent persistence of local viral infection and the increased likelihood of the development of a virally induced neoplastic transformation -has been shown for human papillomavirus previously [47].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adolescents: results from a representative population-based survey in Germany, 2003–2006

et al. 2013

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Infections with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) can lead to severe sequelae; however, they are not notifiable in Germany. We tested urine samples from participants of KiGGS (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents) for CT infections and linked the results to demographic and behavioural data from 1,925 participants (girls aged 15-17 years and boys aged 16-17 years) to determine a representative prevalence of CT infection in adolescents in Germany and to assess associated risk factors. Prevalence of CT infection was 2.2% (95% CI: 1.4-3.5) in girls and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1-0.7) in boys. CT infection in girls was associated with higher use of alcohol, marijuana and cigarettes, lower social status, oral contraceptive use, pregnancy, repeated lower abdominal pain and higher rates of doctors' consultations within the preceding three months and consultation of gynaecologists within the last 12 months. In multiple logistic regression, we identified two predictors for CT infection: marijuana consumption often or several times within the last 12 months (F(1,164)=7.56; p<0.05) and general health status less than 'very good' (F(1,164)=3.83; p=0.052). Given our findings, we recommend enhancing sex education before sexual debut and promoting safe sex practices regardless of the contraceptive method used. Well-informed consumption of alcohol should be promoted, the risky behaviour of people intoxicated through consumption of marijuana highlighted and doctors' awareness of CT screening enhanced.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adolescents: results from a representative population-based survey in Germany, 2003–2006

et al. 2013

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“…It should also be said that, to our knowledge, although other subtypes with the same number of arp repeats have been described previously (12,(14)(15)(16), subtype 10a was identified for the first time in this study. Therefore, further studies are needed to explain the presence of this subtype in Portugal, namely, to determine whether it has a possible relationship to the Treponema pallidum strains circulating in one or more of the African countries where Portuguese is spoken and where infected individuals have traveled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In recent years, molecular biology techniques have become available and have been applied to evaluation of the organisms responsible for STIs, making it possible to subtype the different etiological agents of STIs (4,9,10,12,15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Subtyping of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum in Lisbon, Portugal

et al. 2009

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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the reproducibility of a molecular method for the subtyping of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum and to discriminate strains of this microorganism from strains from patients with syphilis. We studied 212 specimens from a total of 82 patients with different stages of syphilis (14 primary, 7 secondary and 61 latent syphilis). The specimens were distributed as follows: genital ulcers (n ‫؍‬ 9), skin and mucosal lesions (n ‫؍‬ 7), blood (n ‫؍‬ 82), plasma (n ‫؍‬ 82), and ear lobe scrapings (n ‫؍‬ 32). The samples were assayed by a PCR technique to amplify a segment of the polymerase gene I (polA). Positive samples were typed on the basis of the analysis of two variable genes, tpr and arp. Sixty-two of the 90 samples positive for polA yielded typeable Treponema pallidum DNA. All skin lesions in which T. pallidum was identified (six of six [100%]) were found to contain enough DNA for typing of the organism. It was also possible to type DNA from 7/9 (77.7%) genital ulcer samples, 13/22 (59.1%) blood samples, 20/32 (62.5%) plasma samples, and 16/21 (76.2%) ear lobe scrapings. The same subtype was identified in all samples from the same patient. Five molecular subtypes (subtypes 10a, 14a, 14c, 14f, and 14g) were identified, with the most frequently found subtype being subtype 14a and the least frequently found subtype being subtype 10a. In conclusion, the subtyping technique used in this study seems to have good reproducibility. To our knowledge, subtype 10a was identified for the first time. Further studies are needed to explain the presence of this subtype in Portugal, namely, its relationship to the Treponema pallidum strains circulating in the African countries where Portuguese is spoken.

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“…The hybrid capture HPV results were used to triage women with ASC-US (see below) and CT and GC testing was done as a service for participants, who received treatment for themselves and their partners as appropriate. An analysis of the epidemiologic determinants of CT infection, found at baseline in 14.2% of participants, has been published (22). During follow-up, HPV testing is restricted to women with ASC-US for triage, and CT and GC testing is done on women who initiate sexual activity or post-treatment to verify treatment efficacy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationale and design of a community-based double-blind randomized clinical trial of an HPV 16 and 18 vaccine in Guanacaste, Costa Rica

Herrero

Hildesheim

Rodríguez

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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165

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Epidemiology of Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Among Young Women in Costa Rica

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adolescents: results from a representative population-based survey in Germany, 2003–2006

Risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adolescents: results from a representative population-based survey in Germany, 2003–2006

Molecular Subtyping of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum in Lisbon, Portugal

Rationale and design of a community-based double-blind randomized clinical trial of an HPV 16 and 18 vaccine in Guanacaste, Costa Rica

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