Epidemiology of HBV in Pregnant Women, South West Nigeria

Atilola, Glory; Tomisin, Obadara; Randle, Mayowa; Isaac, Komolafe O.; Odutolu, Gbenga; Olomu, Josephine; Adenuga, Laide

doi:10.1016/j.jegh.2018.09.002

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As expected, the anti-HBc+ prevalence rate was lower in the current cohort of pregnant patients compared with the HIV-positive cohort (ie, 20% versus 39.5%), which is likely due to fewer risk factors for blood-borne pathogen exposure. In comparison with other maternal HBV cohorts in Sub-Saharan Africa, the rates of chronic HBV infection (HBsAg+) are lower in this cohort (1% compared with 2.1%-10.8%) (2,25,(42)(43)(44)(45)(46).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Prevalence and molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B virus in pregnant women from Gondar, Ethiopia

Meier-Stephenson

Deressa

Genetu

et al. 2020

CanLivJ

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BACKGROUND: The greatest risk of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is from mother-to-child transmission. Approximately 20% of individuals in Sub-Saharan Africa are hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen-positive (HBsAg+), but the prevalence of occult hepatitis B (OHB) is unknown. Aim: This study investigated CHB and OHB prevalence and viral variants in a cohort of pregnant women in Gondor, Ethiopia. METHODS: Patients were prospectively recruited from the University of Gondar Hospital (N = 200; median age 27 y, inter-quartile range 8.3) from March through June 2016. Data were collected using an investigator-administered questionnaire. Plasma was tested for HBsAg and HBV core antibody (anti-HBc), and HBV genotype and presence of HBV variants (i.e., vaccine escape mutants [VEMs]) were determined by polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: Of women tested, 1% (2/200) were HBsAg+; 26.8% (47/182) of HBsAgnegative patients were anti-HBc+, of whom 37/47 (78.7%) had detectable HBV DNA. The overall rate of OHB was 20.3%. Both HBsAg+ cases were HBV genotype D, and 36/37 (97.3%) of OHB individuals were genotype D. None carried VEM, but both HBsAg+ cases and 32/37 (86.5%) of the OHB cases showed lamivudine-resistant mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-seven percent of pregnant women in this cohort showed evidence of CHB or prior HBV exposure (i.e., HBsAg+ or anti-HBc+) and clinically relevant HBV variants. Data from this single-centre study suggests high HBV prevalence, reinforcing the World Health Organization's recommendation for universal prenatal HBV screening and infant vaccination.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Prevalence and molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B virus in pregnant women from Gondar, Ethiopia

Meier-Stephenson

Deressa

Genetu

et al. 2020

CanLivJ

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“…The bivariate analysis revealed a suggestive association, indicating that pregnant women with a history of blood transfusion might face a higher risk of HBV/HIV coinfection. This observation aligns with similar findings from a study in southwest Nigeria, where pregnant women with recent blood transfusions exhibited an increased risk of HBV infection [34]. However, it is crucial to note that the significance was not sustained in the multivariate analysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in pregnant women from Osun State, Nigeria

Bejide,

Kayode,

Ebagua

et al. 2024

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HBV/HIV) co-infection is a global health concern due to its significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Reports of HBV/HIV co-infections are increasing in Nigeria, but information on the disease burden in pregnant women and its implications on the fetus is scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV/HIV co-infection in pregnant women. In addition, the study identified the risk factors for the disease in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Osun State, Nigeria. Methodology: We collected plasma samples from 303 consenting pregnant women and used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to test for HBV (HBsAg) and HIV I/II antigens. We obtained demographic and risk factor data on HBV and HIV transmission using a structured questionnaire. Results: Our analysis revealed a prevalence of 3.96% for HBV/HIV co-infection in pregnant women. Bivariate analysis indicated a history of blood transfusion, oral or anal sex, and multiple sexual partners may be associated with an increased likelihood of HBV/HIV co-infection in pregnant women. After adjusting for other variables in multivariate analysis, none of these risk factors were significant at the 5% level. In contrast, formal education was a potential preventive factor in this population. Conclusions: Our study provides valuable information on the disease burden of HBV/HIV co-infection in pregnant women in Osun State, Nigeria, highlighting the importance of routine screening for HBV and HIV during antenatal care and emphasizing the importance of implementing preventive measures to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with HBV/HIV co-infection.

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“…The high prevalence (8.6%) of HBV detected in this study was similar to that detected (7.5%) by Sebastião et al in pregnant women in Luanda, Angola, in 2018, despite the 11-year difference [14]. Other SSA countries have equally reported high HBV rates in pregnant women: Ghana, where prevalence ranged from 2.4-16.7%; Cameroon, 9.7%; and Nigeria, 10.5% [15][16][17]. Intermediate prevalence, has been reported in Ethiopia varying from 3 to 7.8% [18] as well as in Uganda and Tanzania with 2.9% and 3%, respectively [19,20].…”

Section: Screening For Triple Infections (Hbv Syphilis and Hiv)supporting

confidence: 88%

Enduring Challenges despite Progress in Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus in Angola

2022

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Sub-Saharan Africa has one of the highest rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, with an incidence of 1.5 million and 0.8 million yearly deaths, which drives synergistic efforts towards its elimination. To assess the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HBV infection, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 1012 pregnant women in Angola to investigate HBV serological and molecular profiles. The prevalence of HBV was 8.7% (n = 88), with hepatitis B core IgM antibody (anti-HBc IgM) positivity identified in 12.8%, hepatitis B “e” antigen (HBeAg) positivity in 30%, and HBV DNA ≥ 200,000 IU/mL in 28.2%. Family tracking studied 44 children, of which 11 (25%) received at least two doses of the hepatitis B vaccine. HBV was detected in 10/44 (22.7%) children, with vaccination reported in one infected child. Further testing identified anti-HBc IgM positivity in 3/10 (30%), HBeAg positivity in 55%, and both seromarkers in 20%. The results revealed the importance of antenatal HBV screening, antiviral prophylaxis for mothers with high viral loads or HBeAg positivity, and timely first-dose hepatitis B vaccines in newborns. Anti-HBc IgM positivity among pregnant women and children highlights prophylactic measures worth considering, including antenatal hepatitis B vaccination and catch-up vaccination to young children.

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Epidemiology of HBV in Pregnant Women, South West Nigeria

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Prevalence and molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B virus in pregnant women from Gondar, Ethiopia

Prevalence and molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B virus in pregnant women from Gondar, Ethiopia

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in pregnant women from Osun State, Nigeria

Enduring Challenges despite Progress in Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus in Angola

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