Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus in the cities of the northern region of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 2 billion people worldwide have already had contact with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 373 million have become chronic carriers. Hepatitis B is a major cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, leading to a large number of deaths annually. Both viral factors and the host immune response have been implicated in the pathogenesis and clinical result of HBV infection. Many Brazilian cities, including the cities of the northern region of the state of Espírito Santo are located in regions with little health infrastructure. Our study performed an epidemiological analysis of cases of Hepatitis B in São Mateus, using methodology of Geographic Information System (GIS), aiming to raise the number of disease cases, establishing preventive measures to control the disease, improving the quality of life of people affected by this pathology. The city of São Mateus had the largest number of reported cases of hepatitis B northern region of Espírito Santo. The age group with the highest number of hepatitis B notifications was 20-49 years, mostly females. The major forms of contact with HBV in these cities were dental treatment, use of injectable medications, surgical procedures and multiple sexual partners.

Perfil epidemiológico da Hepatite B: Conhecer para prevenir

“…O oposto frente ao sexo foi identificado no Espírito Santo, com predomínio de casos femininos e idades entre 20 a 49 anos. Fato possivelmente explicado devido a tendência de as mulheres recorrerem mais aos serviços de saúde (11) .…”

“…Além do uso de drogas injetáveis, do tratamento odontológico e contágio via sexual com indicação de múltiplos parceiros, o contato domiciliar com outra pessoa infectada pelo HBV também foi destacado (11) . A coinfecção com o HIV entre os casos notificados de hepatite B foi observada em 5,2% dos casos acumulados no período de 2007 a 2017, com elevação para a região Sudeste do Brasil, o que reitera a importância do diagnóstico, facilitado gratuitamente por meio dos testes rápidos (3) .…”

Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in people living in poverty in the central-west region of Brazil

“…Multiple regression analysis, as well as the other studies, revealed an association between exposure to HBV and age increase [14, 20, 36, 40]. The displacement of the epidemiological curve of HBV in populations with higher age groups can be explained by the Brazilian policy of increasing the age for eligibility of hepatitis B vaccine over the years [34].…”