Epidemiology of Hepatitis C

Jafri, Syed Mohammed; Gordon, Stuart C.

doi:10.1002/cld.783

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This burden is especially high among younger people who inject drugs, with up to 70% of new HCV infections occurring among people who inject drugs in the USA [ 4 ]. The number of new cases of HCV infection among this demographic has increased from 10,000 annually in 2005 to 40,000 annually in 2016 [ 5 ]. Owing to these increases in HCV infections among younger individuals, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPTF), and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases–Infectious Diseases Society of America (AASLD–IDSA) have all endorsed universal screening for HCV in adults (≥18 years of age) [ 6 – 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Year Each State in the United States Will Achieve the World Health Organization’s Elimination Targets for Hepatitis C

et al. 2020

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Introduction Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major clinical, economic, and societal burden, the development of curative antiviral therapy may accelerate the path toward elimination. This analysis assessed the progress of United States (US) states towards achieving the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2030 HCV elimination targets for incidence, mortality, diagnosis, and treatment. Methods A previously published Markov model was used to simulate HCV progression over time to estimate the path to HCV elimination in each state based on prevalence, annual treatment, and diagnosis inputs from two large US laboratory datasets from January 2013 to December 2017. State-specific fibrosis stage restrictions on treatment in 2017 were included. The model estimated the year individual states would meet the WHO targets for diagnosing 90% of the HCV-infected population, treating 80% of the eligible population, reducing new HCV infections by 80%, and reducing HCV-related deaths by 65%. The minimum number of annual treatments needed between 2020 and 2030 to achieve the WHO treatment target was also calculated. Results Overall, the USA is projected to achieve HCV elimination by 2037, with individual targets related to mortality, diagnosis, treatment, and incidence being achieved by 2020, 2027, 2033, and 2037, respectively. Three states (Connecticut, South Carolina, and Washington) are on track to meet all four elimination targets by 2030, and 18 states are not expected to meet these targets before 2040. The estimated annual number of treatments required during 2020–2030 nationally to reach the WHO treatment target is 173,514. Conclusion With the exception of three states, the USA is not on target to meet the WHO 2030 elimination targets and 35% are off track by 10 years or more. Strategies must be implemented to reduce overall prevalence by preventing new infections, increasing rates of screening, improving linkage to care, and implementing unfettered access to curative therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12325-020-01535-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Year Each State in the United States Will Achieve the World Health Organization’s Elimination Targets for Hepatitis C

et al. 2020

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“…Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a public health concern in the world, which can lead to liver cirrhosis, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer) ( Jafri and Gordan, 2018 ). In 2002, National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement reported more than 184 million persons had HCV infection ( National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: management of hepatitis C 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Every year three to four million people are newly infected and approximately 350,000 deaths occur ( Mohd et al, 2013 ). HCV demonstrates great genetic diversity with seven genotypes and at least 67 subtypes ( Jafri and Gordan, 2018 ). Overall, genotype 1 dominates with 44% of infections, followed by genotype 3 (25%) and 4 (15%) ( Polaris Observatory HCV Collaborators, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Yimitasvir in Chinese Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Guan

Tang

Zhang³

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Yimitasvir is a novel, oral hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 5A inhibitor for the treatment of chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. The objective of this analysis was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of yimitasvir in Chinese healthy volunteers and HCV infection patients. The model was performed using data from 219 subjects across six studies. Nonlinear mixed effects models were developed using Phoenix NLME software. The covariates were evaluated using a stepwise forward inclusion (p < 0.01) and then a backward exclusion procedure (p < 0.001). A two-compartment model with sequential zero-first order absorption and first-order elimination reasonably described yimitasvir pharmacokinetics (PK). The apparent oral clearance and central volume of distribution were 13.8 l·h−1 and 188 l, respectively. The bioavailability (F) of yimitasvir decreased 12.9% for each 100 mg dose increase. Food was found to affect absorption rate (Ka) and F. High-fat meal decreased Ka and F by 90.9% and 38.5%, respectively. Gender and alanine aminotransferase were identified as significant covariates on apparent oral clearance. Female subjects had lower clearance than male subjects. Zero-order absorption duration was longer in healthy volunteers (2.17 h) than that in patients (1.43 h). The population pharmacokinetic model described yimitasvir PK profile well. Food decreased Ka and F significantly, so it was recommended to take yimitasvir at least 2 h before or after a meal. Other significant covariates were not clinically important.

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“…[ 2 ] Globally, the infection rate of hepatitis C virus is ∼3%, with 184 million cases, and ∼399 thousand people die of hepatitis C every year. [ 3 – 5 ] The prevalence of hepatitis C is 2.8%, while the viraemic rate is 63.6% in China (including Taiwan). [ 6 , 7 ] Previous studies have reported that the widespread incidence of hepatitis C is related to blood transfusion and injection drug abuse, and the incidence of hepatitis C caused by opioid abuse is also on the rise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence trend and age-period-cohort analysis of reported hepatitis C among residents aged 30 to 79 in northeastern China, 2008 to 2017

Zhao

Jiang

et al. 2020

Medicine

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Epidemiology of Hepatitis C

Abstract: http://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)2046-2484/video/12-5-reading-gordon a video presentation of this article

Cited by 36 publications

References 17 publications

Estimating the Year Each State in the United States Will Achieve the World Health Organization’s Elimination Targets for Hepatitis C

Estimating the Year Each State in the United States Will Achieve the World Health Organization’s Elimination Targets for Hepatitis C

Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Yimitasvir in Chinese Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Incidence trend and age-period-cohort analysis of reported hepatitis C among residents aged 30 to 79 in northeastern China, 2008 to 2017

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