Epidemiology of High School and Collegiate Football Injuries in the United States, 2005-2006

Shankar, Prasad R.; Fields, Sarah K.; Collins, Christy L.; Dick, Randall W.; Comstock, R. Dawn

doi:10.1177/0363546507299745

Cited by 237 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…5 Knee injuries have also been reported to represent the second and third largest proportions of injuries in high school and collegiate football players, respectively. 6 Ankle injuries constituted the highest proportion of injuries in high school and collegiate football players. 6 Injuries to the head and face have been responsible for the fifth and sixth largest proportions of injuries in high school and collegiate football players, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Knee Sprains in Youth, High School, and Collegiate American Football Players

Clifton

Oñate

Schussler

et al. 2017

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Variations in knee-sprain incidence among competition levels are unclear but may help inform prevention strategies in American football players.Objective: To describe the epidemiology of knee sprains in youth, high school, and collegiate football players.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: Injury and athlete-exposure (AE) data were collected from 3 injury-surveillance programs at the youth, high school, and collegiate competition levels.Patients or Other Participants: Data from 310 youth, 184 high school, and 71 collegiate football team-seasons were collected during the 2012 through 2014 seasons.Main Outcome Measure(s): Knee-sprain rates and risks were calculated for each competition level. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) and risk ratios (RRs) compared knee-sprain rates by competition level. Injury proportion ratios (IPRs) compared differences in surgery needs, recurrence, injury mechanism, and injury activity by competition level.Results: Knee-sprain rates in youth, high school, and collegiate football were 0.16/1000 AEs, 0.25/1000 AEs, and 0.69/1000 AEs, respectively. Knee-sprain rates increased as the competition level increased (high school versus youth: IRR ¼ Conclusions: Knee-sprain incidence was highest in collegiate football. However, level-specific variations in the distributions of knee sprains by injury activity may highlight the need to develop level-specific policies and prevention strategies that ensure safe sports play.Key Words: knee injuries, injury surveillance, injury prevention Key PointsThe risk of knee sprains increased as the competition level increased, with the highest risk occurring in collegiate football players. Total knee-sprain rates and the proportion due to being blocked were higher in collegiate than in youth or high school football athletes; however, a smaller proportion of collegiate knee sprains were due to tackling. Level-specific variations in the distributions of knee sprains by injury activity may highlight the need to develop policies and prevention strategies that ensure safe sports play.

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Knee Sprains in Youth, High School, and Collegiate American Football Players

Clifton

Oñate

Schussler

et al. 2017

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…Therefore, the fact that the number of collisions is similar between the USA and Japan, despite the shorter matches in Japan, indicates that the actual number of collisions is higher among Japanese university players compared to players in the USA. In the USA, many studies are in agreement with the fact that the injury rate during games is higher than that during practice sessions 1,2,4) , and have reported that the number of collisions during a game is 2-3 times higher than that during a practice session 10,12) . However, in this study, the number of collisions during practice sessions was only 1.3 times higher than that in games.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Currently, American players receive stronger head collisions than Japanese players, but it was revealed that in both countries, players receive head collisions of with an average of 20 g, both during practice sessions and games. Another common factor is that the impact of head collisions during a game is significantly higher than during a practice session, which would mean that the injury rate would be higher as well during games than during practices 1,2,4) ; this indicates the effect of the collision impact magnitude. However, data on Japanese university players are limited, and further data collection should be done before comparing them with their American counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high injury rate is one of the problems of this sport [1][2][3][4] . Improvements in helmets and rule changes resulted in more effective prevention of serious head trauma up to the 1980s; 5,6) however, in the 1990s, retirement of some famous NFL players because of repeated concussions or mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) led to greater attention being directed toward this injury [5][6][7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact on the head during collisions between university American football players - focusing on the number of head impacts and linear head acceleration -

Fukuda

Koike

Miyakawa

et al. 2017

JPFSM

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The aim of this study is to understand the head impact during actual collisions between American football players from Japanese universities. The subjects of this study were 23 players who belonged to T university in the Kantoh Collegiate American Football Association Division 2. We used a Vector Mouthguard (i1 Biometrics Inc.) equipped with 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) to measure the head linear acceleration (LA) and rotational acceleration (RA) as well as the head injury criterion (HIC), impact location, and number of impacts during collisions. The average number of collisions per player during a practice and during a game was 14.3 and 15.7, respectively. In terms of positions, the ratio (1:1.3) of total number of impacts for backs to linemen in Japan is lower than that (1:3) in the USA. Both during the games and practices, the range of 10 g < X ≤ 15 g in the average peak LA values was the most frequent, and the distributions were largely skewed toward low values (p < 0.05). The medians during the games and practices were 16.77 g and 15.87 g, respectively. The number of collisions during practices in Japan was significantly higher than that in the USA. Particularly, linemen undergo more head collisions than those of backs. Another common factor is that the impact of head collision during a game is significantly higher than that during a practice. However, data on Japanese university players is limited, and further data collection should be done before determining an accurate estimate of the practical concussion risk threshold.

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“…1,2 A Joint Commission of the American Academy of Neurology, American Neurology Society, and Child Neurology Society report describes an ethical obligation to protect the athletes' current and future physical and mental health while informing athletes, parents, and medical professionals about the risks of concussion and postconcussive impairments. 3 Although some agreement exists, diagnosis and management of concussion are continually evolving as new data become available. 4 The International Conference on Concussion in Sport and an elevated level of media attention 5 in recent years have spurred sports medicine clinicians to standardize diagnosis, management, and reporting guidelines for athletes sustaining traumatic brain injury during athletic competition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Year Concussion Prevalence in Marion County, Florida High School Athletes

Young

Chen²

2016

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate data on concussion prevalence in 1 geographic location and to identify which sports have a higher prevalence of concussion in the Marion County, Florida, school district. Methods: High school athletic trainers in Marion County, Florida, are required to compile statistics related to number of participants and concussions sustained in the county school district during each season. They provided the data for the 2011-2012 school year to independent analysts with the permission of the athletic director. The study evaluated 3689 student-athletes (2102 male, 1587 female), and 34 concussions (24 male, 10 female) were reported. Concussions were self-reported by the athletes and diagnosed by trainers on field or by follow-up after physician referral. Consent was included in consent to participate in interscholastic athletics, and all athletes enrolling in a sport during the 2011-2012 academic year were included regardless of participation level. Number of participants and concussions sustained was calculated per 100 participants for each sport and in total for 1 year. Results: The percentages of concussions per sport were as follows: basketball, 1.83%; cheerleading, 0.40%; football, 2.83%; soccer, 1.84%; track and field, 0.44%; and wrestling, 0.70%. Ten additional sports were included in the study but had no reported concussions. Total prevalence for the district was 0.922% (1.14% male, 0.63% female) during a 1-year period. Conclusion: The concussion prevalence in this district during the 2011-2012 school year was just under 1%. The sport reporting the highest prevalence was football, followed by soccer. Females reported a higher rate of concussions than males in sports played by both male and female participants. This highlights the need to minimize risk for concussion, especially in noncollision contact sports, and in female athletes. (J Chiropr Med 2016;15:204-207)

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Epidemiology of High School and Collegiate Football Injuries in the United States, 2005-2006

Cited by 237 publications

References 19 publications

Epidemiology of Knee Sprains in Youth, High School, and Collegiate American Football Players

Epidemiology of Knee Sprains in Youth, High School, and Collegiate American Football Players

Impact on the head during collisions between university American football players - focusing on the number of head impacts and linear head acceleration -

One-Year Concussion Prevalence in Marion County, Florida High School Athletes

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