Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Strain Type H5N1

Fournié, Guillaume; Glanville, Will de; Pfeiffer, Dirk U.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7077-0_10

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 213 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Avian influenza (AI) viruses are endemic in many parts of Asia and in Egypt. The wide genetic diversity and the potential for recombination with human influenza strains continue to pose major animal biosecurity and public health concerns (Li et al., ; Fournié et al., ). Although measures for effective control of AI epidemics in developed countries exist, the high financial outlay makes such strategies ineffective in resource poor settings, where most poultry is raised by smallholder owners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors for Risk Factors for Spread of Avian Influenza Viruses by Poultry Handlers in Live bird markets in Uganda

Kirunda

Mugimba

Erima

et al. 2014

Zoonoses and Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Live bird markets (LBMs) are essential for marketing poultry, but have been linked to many outbreaks of avian influenza (AI) and its spread. In Uganda, it has been observed that demographic characteristics of poultry traders/handlers influence activities and decision-making in LBMs. The study investigated the influence of socio-demographic characteristics of poultry handlers: age, sex, religion, educational background, level of income, location of residence and region of operation on 20 potential risk factors for introduction and spread of AI in LBMs. Study sites included 39 LBMs in the four regions of Uganda. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire administered to 424 poultry handlers. We observed that background of education was a predictor for slaughter and processing of poultry in open sites. Location of residence was associated with slaughter of poultry from open sites and selling of other livestock species. Region influenced stacking of cages, inadequate cleaning of cages, feeders and drinkers, and provision of dirty feed and water. Specifically, bird handlers with secondary level of education (OR = 12.9, 95% CI: 2.88-57.4, P < 0.01) were more likely to be involved in open site slaughter of poultry than their counterparts without formal education. Comparatively, urbanite bird handlers were less likely to share poultry equipment (OR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.22-0.63, P < 0.01) than rural resident handlers. Poultry handlers in Northern were 3.5 times more likely to practise insufficient cleaning of cages (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.52-8.09) compared to those in Central region. We demonstrated that some socio-demographic characteristics of poultry handlers were predictors to risky practices for introduction and spread of AI viruses in LBMs in Uganda.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors for Risk Factors for Spread of Avian Influenza Viruses by Poultry Handlers in Live bird markets in Uganda

Kirunda

Mugimba

Erima

et al. 2014

Zoonoses and Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The wide genetic diversity and the potential for recombination with human influenza strains continue to pose a major public health concern (2,3). Although combinations of mass vaccination, culling, and movement restrictions have controlled avian influenza epidemics effectively in developed countries, the high financial outlay makes such strategies inappropriate in resourcepoor settings where most poultry is raised by small-holder owners.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is relevant particularly to the allocation of the limited resources available to control livestock diseases in developing countries. It also is a global public health concern, given that the extended circulation of some pathogen strains through trade networks may promote the emergence of new zoonotic variants (2). The design of strategies for the eradication of livestock diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease, also would benefit from a network-based approach.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventions for avian influenza A (H5N1) risk management in live bird market networks

Fournié

Guitian

Desvaux³

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

121

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 is endemic in Asia, with live bird trade as a major disease transmission pathway. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in northern Vietnam to investigate the structure of the live bird market (LBM) contact network and the implications for virus spread. Based on the movements of traders between LBMs, weighted and directed networks were constructed and used for social network analysis and individual-based modeling. Most LBMs were connected to one another, suggesting that the LBM network may support large-scale disease spread. Because of cross-border trade, it also may promote transboundary virus circulation. However, opportunities for disease control do exist. The implementation of thorough, daily disinfection of the market environment as well as of traders’ vehicles and equipment in only a small number of hubs can disconnect the network dramatically, preventing disease spread. These targeted interventions would be an effective alternative to the current policy of a complete ban of LBMs in some areas. Some LBMs that have been banned still are very active, and they likely have a substantial impact on disease dynamics, exhibiting the highest levels of susceptibility and infectiousness. The number of trader visits to markets, information that can be collected quickly and easily, may be used to identify LBMs suitable for implementing interventions. This would not require prior knowledge of the force of infection, for which laboratory-confirmed surveillance would be necessary. These findings are of particular relevance for policy development in resource-scarce settings.

show abstract

“…The trade of live poultry has long been recognized as a major route for HPAI virus dissemination in Asia (Fournié, de Glanville, & Pfeiffer, ). As they bring together various susceptible bird species coming from various locations, live bird markets are known to contribute to the spread of HPAI viruses and have regularly been found contaminated in endemic contexts (Amonsin et al., ; Chen et al., ; Indriani et al., ; Negovetich et al., ; Nguyen et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade patterns facilitating highly pathogenic avian influenza virus dissemination in the free-grazing layer duck system in Vietnam

Meyer

Dinh

Han

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses continue to threaten smallholder poultry producers in several South-east Asian countries, including Vietnam. In particular, the free-grazing duck system has been repeatedly highlighted as a major risk factor for HPAI outbreaks. Free-grazing ducks, which scavenge on rice paddies after the harvest, account for a large proportion of the duck population in Vietnam and the wider South-east Asian region. However, the structure and dynamics of the free-grazing duck production from farm to consumption has not been described for Vietnam. In this study, we used a value chain approach to provide a complete picture of the actors involved in the production and marketing of free-grazing duck eggs and spent layer ducks, as well as to investigate the governance structure of this food system. Group interviews and key informant interviews were conducted in two provinces located in the Mekong River Delta (MRD) and the Red River Delta (RRD). The results presented here highlight similarities and differences in farming and trade practices between the two provinces. The trade of spent layer ducks involved large volumes of live ducks being sent to China and Cambodia for consumption, generating a substantial risk of transboundary spread of pathogens, including HPAI viruses. We describe the major role of "duck yards", which act as hubs in the northbound trade of spent layer ducks. These yards should be considered as essential links in the value chain of spent layer ducks when considering HPAI surveillance and control. The veterinary authorities are only marginally involved in the value chain activities, and their influence could be strengthened by increasing surveillance activities for instance in duck yards. Last, we discuss the dynamics of the duck value chain and further implications for future HPAI management policies. K E Y W O R D Sfree-grazing ducks, highly pathogenic avian influenza, poultry trade, value chain analysis, Vietnam

show abstract

Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Strain Type H5N1

Cited by 12 publications

References 213 publications

Predictors for Risk Factors for Spread of Avian Influenza Viruses by Poultry Handlers in Live bird markets in Uganda

Predictors for Risk Factors for Spread of Avian Influenza Viruses by Poultry Handlers in Live bird markets in Uganda

Interventions for avian influenza A (H5N1) risk management in live bird market networks

Trade patterns facilitating highly pathogenic avian influenza virus dissemination in the free-grazing layer duck system in Vietnam

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About