Epidemiology of human rabies post-exposure prophylaxis at the US Naval Facility, Subic Bay, Philippines.

Dembert, Mark L.; Lawrence, Wade B.; Weinberg, Winkler G.; Granger, D D; Sanderson, Ruth; Garst, Paul; Eighmy, Johnnie J.; Wells, T E

doi:10.2105/ajph.75.12.1440

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Animal bites with consequent rabies have been observed during the Vietnam war [ 259 ]. After the Vietnam war, rabies was still a problem in the Philippines, where in 1984, 315 potential rabies exposures were managed and 79 of them received PEP [ 260 ]. The British Army had to manage 62 animal bites when deployed to Bosnia–Herzegovina in 1995–1996 [ 257 ].…”

Section: Vaccine-preventable Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Historical Review of Military Medical Strategies for Fighting Infectious Diseases: From Battlefields to Global Health

Biselli

Nisini

Lista³

et al. 2022

Biomedicines

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The environmental conditions generated by war and characterized by poverty, undernutrition, stress, difficult access to safe water and food as well as lack of environmental and personal hygiene favor the spread of many infectious diseases. Epidemic typhus, plague, malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis, tetanus, and smallpox have nearly constantly accompanied wars, frequently deeply conditioning the outcome of battles/wars more than weapons and military strategy. At the end of the nineteenth century, with the birth of bacteriology, military medical researchers in Germany, the United Kingdom, and France were active in discovering the etiological agents of some diseases and in developing preventive vaccines. Emil von Behring, Ronald Ross and Charles Laveran, who were or served as military physicians, won the first, the second, and the seventh Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discovering passive anti-diphtheria/tetanus immunotherapy and for identifying mosquito Anopheline as a malaria vector and plasmodium as its etiological agent, respectively. Meanwhile, Major Walter Reed in the United States of America discovered the mosquito vector of yellow fever, thus paving the way for its prevention by vector control. In this work, the military relevance of some vaccine-preventable and non-vaccine-preventable infectious diseases, as well as of biological weapons, and the military contributions to their control will be described. Currently, the civil–military medical collaboration is getting closer and becoming interdependent, from research and development for the prevention of infectious diseases to disasters and emergencies management, as recently demonstrated in Ebola and Zika outbreaks and the COVID-19 pandemic, even with the high biocontainment aeromedical evacuation, in a sort of global health diplomacy.

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Section: Vaccine-preventable Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%