Epidemiology of infections in a Burn Unit, Albania

Belba, Monika Kristaq; Petrela, Elizana; Belba, Amy

doi:10.1016/j.burns.2013.03.013

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…P. aeruginosa is the predominant bacterial pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, where colonization by P. aeruginosa in the CF lung is linked to a worsening disease prognosis (Henry et al, 1982, 1992; Nixon et al, 2001). It is also a significant cause of hospital-acquired infections (Almirante et al, 2012; Orsi et al, 2012; Horcajada et al, 2013; Khawaja et al, 2013; Simonetti et al, 2013), particularly in burn-wounds (Regules et al, 2008; Belba et al, 2013), and immunocompromised individuals (Gomes et al, 2011; Papagheorghe, 2012; Sousa et al, 2013). P. aeruginosa is able to form multiple types of biofilms, which allow them to persistently colonize a variety of surfaces, thereby making their eradication extremely challenging.…”

Section: Significance Of P Aeruginosamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgZR two-component system coordinates multiple phenotypes

Okkotsu

Little

Schurr

2014

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a multitude of infections. These infections can occur at almost any site in the body and are usually associated with a breach of the innate immune system. One of the prominent sites where P. aeruginosa causes chronic infections is within the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. P. aeruginosa uses two-component systems that sense environmental changes to differentially express virulence factors that cause both acute and chronic infections. The P. aeruginosa AlgZR two component system is one of its global regulatory systems that affects the organism's fitness in a broad manner. This two-component system is absolutely required for two P. aeruginosa phenotypes: twitching motility and alginate production, indicating its importance in both chronic and acute infections. Additionally, global transcriptome analyses indicate that it regulates the expression of many different genes, including those associated with quorum sensing, type IV pili, type III secretion system, anaerobic metabolism, cyanide and rhamnolipid production. This review examines the complex AlgZR regulatory network, what is known about the structure and function of each protein, and how it relates to the organism's ability to cause infections.

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Section: Significance Of P Aeruginosamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgZR two-component system coordinates multiple phenotypes

Okkotsu

Little

Schurr

2014

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, in whom colonization in the lung is linked to a worsening disease prognosis ( 1 , 2 ). It is also a significant causative agent of nosocomial infections ( 3 – 7 ), particularly in burn wounds ( 8 , 9 ) and immunocompromised individuals ( 10 – 12 ). There are several different virulence factors which P. aeruginosa utilizes to cause infection in different hosts, and expression of many of these respond to low iron, including alginate and toxin production ( 13 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgR Phosphorylation Status Differentially Regulates Pyocyanin and Pyoverdine Production

Little

Okkotsu

Reinhart

et al. 2018

mBio

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa employs numerous, complex regulatory elements to control expression of its many virulence systems. The P. aeruginosa AlgZR two-component regulatory system controls the expression of several crucial virulence phenotypes. We recently determined, through transcriptomic profiling of a PAO1 ΔalgR mutant strain compared to wild-type PAO1, that algZR and hemCD are cotranscribed and show differential iron-dependent gene expression. Previous expression profiling was performed in strains without algR and revealed that AlgR acts as either an activator or repressor, depending on the gene. Thus, examination of P. aeruginosa gene expression from cells locked into different AlgR phosphorylation states reveals greater physiological relevance. Therefore, gene expression from strains carrying algR alleles encoding a phosphomimetic (AlgR D54E) or a phosphoablative (AlgR D54N) form were compared by microarray to PAO1. Transcriptome analyses of these strains revealed 25 differentially expressed genes associated with iron siderophore biosynthesis or heme acquisition or production. The PAO1 algR D54N mutant produced lower levels of pyoverdine but increased expression of the small RNAs prrf1 and prrf2 compared to PAO1. In contrast, the algR D54N mutant produced more pyocyanin than wild-type PAO1. On the other hand, the PAO1 algR D54E mutant produced higher levels of pyoverdine, likely due to increased expression of an iron-regulated gene encoding the sigma factor pvdS, but it had decreased pyocyanin production. AlgR specifically bound to the prrf2 and pvdS promoters in vitro. AlgR-dependent pyoverdine production was additionally influenced by carbon source rather than the extracellular iron concentration per se. AlgR phosphorylation effects were also examined in a Drosophila melanogaster feeding, murine acute pneumonia, and punch wound infection models. Abrogation of AlgR phosphorylation attenuated P. aeruginosa virulence in these infection models. These results show that the AlgR phosphorylation state can directly, as well as indirectly, modulate the expression of iron acquisition genes that may ultimately impact the ability of P. aeruginosa to establish and maintain an infection.

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“…The two most common pathogens responsible for burn wound infections are Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [1][2][3][4][5]. Burn wards have been reported to harbor multidrug resistant strains of P. aeruginosa which can colonize burn wounds and lead to infection [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in burn patients in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq: risk factors and antibiotic resistance rates

Othman

Babakir‐Mina

Noori³

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Epidemiology of infections in a Burn Unit, Albania

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgZR two-component system coordinates multiple phenotypes

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgZR two-component system coordinates multiple phenotypes

Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgR Phosphorylation Status Differentially Regulates Pyocyanin and Pyoverdine Production

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in burn patients in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq: risk factors and antibiotic resistance rates

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