Epidemiology of injuries in juniors participating in top-level karate competition: a prospective cohort study

Abstract

The total injury rate in junior competitions is lower compared with elite adult athletes and higher compared with younger elite athletes. Time-loss injuries are rare. The implementation of the new competition categories in U21 karate has been associated with a significant reduction in injury rate.

A Legal and Forensic Medicine Approach to Police Physical Intervention Techniques in High-Risk Situations

“…For this study, a select bibliography from the forensic field has been consulted regarding the types of injuries resulting from sports activities [1][2][3], or from brain trauma [4,5], and of spine [6][7][8][9][10], of neck, throat and airway [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], of blood pressure [20,21], cardiopulmonary [22][23][24][25][26][27], of rib [28], abdominal [29,30], as well as fatal damage such as carotid sinus syndrome [31][32][33][34][35][36][37], injuries from fighting sport practicing [38][39][40][41][42], and also related to the prevention of damage in sport [43] and PITs [44,45]. A collection of training manuals for different types of security forces and bodies has also been compiled from various countries [46]…”

“…This is quite striking since officers rarely have the chance to warm up before an intervention-rather, they usually have to switch from inactive to active within seconds. On medical grounds, they should therefore be trained in alternative procedures and techniques requiring no warm-up in order to prevent unnecessary risks [42,48].…”

“…Other scarcely vulnerable zones include the anterior tibial edge and large joints such as the shoulders, which are less readily injured by locking. Trauma in a "green" zone can obviously cause injury (e.g., contusion, ecchymosis, rupturing of fibrils, tendons or muscles); the outcome, however, is rarely as serious as that of striking vulnerable or vital zones [41][42][43].…”

“…injuries of rib [28], abdominal [29,30]. Fatal damage [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] and injuries resulting from fighting sport practicing [38] are also included in this high vulnerability area.The body also has points of medium vulnerability [39,40] in soft regions which should only be targeted if acting on points of low vulnerability [41][42][43] (viz., those where little or no injury is to be expected) is impossible. These three types of points fall in the red, yellow and green zone, respectively, of Figure 1 which was made based on the consulted references.…”

“…The body also has points of medium vulnerability [39,40] in soft regions which should only be targeted if acting on points of low vulnerability [41][42][43] (viz., those where little or no injury is to be expected) is impossible. These three types of points fall in the red, yellow and green zone, respectively, of Figure 1 which was made based on the consulted references.…”