Epidemiology of Injuries Sustained by Civilians and Local Combatants in Contemporary Armed Conflict: An Appeal for a Shared Trauma Registry Among Humanitarian Actors

Wild, H; Stewart, Barclay T; LeBoa, Christopher; Stave, Christopher D; Wren, Sherry M.

doi:10.1007/s00268-020-05428-y

Cited by 38 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Wound healing problems will remain relevant for a long time [7][8][9]. This is due to the increasing number of surgeries in the world, as well as domestic and workplace injuries and combat wounds [10][11][12][13][14]. Furthermore, the increase in life expectancy is accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of chronic trophic ulcers of various origin, the healing of which is a clinical problem [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of A Novel Smart Polymeric Nanodrug in the Treatment of Experimental Wounds in Rats

et al. 2020

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High-quality and aesthetic wound healing, as well as effective medical support of this process, continue to be relevant. This study aims to evaluate the medical efficacy of a novel smart polymeric nanodrug (SPN) on the rate and mechanism of wound healing in experimental animals. The study was carried out in male Wistar rats (aged 8–9 months). In these animals, identical square wounds down to the fascia were made in non-sterile conditions on the back on both sides of the vertebra. SPN was used for the treatment of one wound, and the other wound was left without treatment (control group). Biocompatible citrate-stabilized cerium oxide nanoparticles integrated into a polysaccharide hydrogel matrix containing natural and synthetic polysaccharide polymers (pectin, alginate, chitosan, agar-agar, water-soluble cellulose derivatives) were used as the therapeutic agent. Changes in the wound sizes (area, volume) over time and wound temperature were assessed on Days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14. Histological examination of the wounds was performed on Days 3, 7, and 14. The study showed that the use of SPN accelerated wound healing in comparison with control wounds by inhibiting the inflammatory response, which was measured by a decreased number of white blood cells in SPN-treated wounds. It also accelerated the development of fibroblasts, with an early onset of new collagen synthesis, which eventually led to the formation of more tender postoperative scars. Thus, the study demonstrated that the use of SPN for the treatment of wounds was effective and promising.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of A Novel Smart Polymeric Nanodrug in the Treatment of Experimental Wounds in Rats

et al. 2020

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“…Characterization and documentation of armed conflict injury patterns and their impact on healthcare are difficult challenges. However, it is crucial in planning and developing of strategies capable of addressing the demands of illequipped medical facilities [1,2]. Trauma is the most eminent health risk in war-time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trauma is the most eminent health risk in war-time. The Arab world's ongoing conflicts are marked by military engagement in civilian centers making civilians more susceptible to injury [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-modality imaging of referred civilian combat-related injuries: a multi-center study in Egypt

Grace

Ibrahim

Tadros

2021

Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med

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Background Several Arab countries as well as many parts of the world are currently involved in armed conflicts. Characterization and documentation of combat-related injury patterns and their impact on healthcare are a difficult challenge. However, it is crucial in planning and developing of strategies capable of addressing the demands of ill-equipped medical facilities. The aim of this study was to record the different patterns of combat-related injuries sustained by civilians transferred to Egyptian tertiary hospitals for further investigation and definite treatment after primary stabilization by an emergency trauma team in their countries. Results Metallic foreign bodies were detected in different body locations in 49.1% of patients, while bullets were identified in 12.3%. Injuries involving the musculoskeletal system of the extremities were the most frequent (77.2%), followed in descending order by maxillofacial injuries (41%), thoracic injuries (32.1%), cranial injuries (31%), abdominal injuries (21.1%), spinal injuries (8.8%), and vascular injuries (4.7%). Among the extremities injuries, bone fractures were the most common (68.5%). Conclusion Radiological assessment aids in the evaluation of patients coming from conflict zones pre- and postoperatively, to recognize the precise sites and types of their injuries, the number and location of metallic shrapnel or bullets, and detection of possible associated complications, which aid in accurate demonstration of the extent and patterns of combat-related injuries and guide the management plan.

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“…Explosions often occur in modern wars, terrorist attacks, or daily emergencies, and blast injury is a common cause of casualties [ 1 , 2 ]. At the moment of explosion, the explosive materials almost instantaneously convert from solid or liquid into gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Their Signaling Pathways in Primary Blast Lung Injury: New Research Progress and Future Directions

Geng

Hou

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Primary blast lung injury (PBLI) is a common cause of casualties in wars, terrorist attacks, and explosions. It can exist in the absence of any other outward signs of trauma, and further develop into acute lung injury (ALI) or a more severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The pathogenesis of PBLI at the cellular and molecular level has not been clear. Damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) is a general term for endogenous danger signals released by the body after injury, including intracellular protein molecules (HMGB1, histones, s100s, heat shock proteins, eCIRP, etc.), secretory protein factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, VEGF, complements, etc.), purines and pyrimidines and their derived degradation products (nucleic acids, ATP, ADP, UDPG, uric acid, etc.), and extracellular matrix components (hyaluronic acid, fibronectin, heparin sulfate, biglycan, etc.). DAMPs can be detected by multiple receptors including pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The study of DAMPs and their related signaling pathways, such as the mtDNA-triggered cGAS-YAP pathway, contributes to revealing the molecular mechanism of PBLI, and provides new therapeutic targets for controlling inflammatory diseases and alleviating their symptoms. In this review, we focus on the recent progress of research on DAMPs and their signaling pathways, as well as the potential therapeutic targets and future research directions in PBLI.

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Epidemiology of Injuries Sustained by Civilians and Local Combatants in Contemporary Armed Conflict: An Appeal for a Shared Trauma Registry Among Humanitarian Actors

Cited by 38 publications

References 54 publications

Efficacy of A Novel Smart Polymeric Nanodrug in the Treatment of Experimental Wounds in Rats

Efficacy of A Novel Smart Polymeric Nanodrug in the Treatment of Experimental Wounds in Rats

Multi-modality imaging of referred civilian combat-related injuries: a multi-center study in Egypt

Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Their Signaling Pathways in Primary Blast Lung Injury: New Research Progress and Future Directions

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