Epidemiology of Kidney Stones

Stamatelou, Kyriaki; Goldfarb, David S.

doi:10.3390/healthcare11030424

Cited by 95 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 212 publications

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“…Urolithiasis is the condition in which stones are formed in the urinary tract due to elevated levels of salts in urine. According to studies, almost 2% individuals in their 20s and 30s develop kidney stones (Stamatelou and Goldfarb, 2023). Age, sex, genetics, environmental factors and metabolic disorder also become a cause of forming urinary tract stones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Disorders in Patients With High Risk for Recurrent Urinary Tract Stones

JAMAL¹,

ADNAN

Muzammil

et al. 2023

Biol Clin Sci Res J

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A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the frequency of metabolic disorders detected in 24-hour urine collection in patients with increased morbidity for recurrent upper urinary tract stones. This research was conducted Department of Urology Bakhtawer Amin Hospital, Multan. Study was carried out over a period of six months from 01-12-2021 to 01-06-2022. Total 100 cases presented with the recurrent urinary tract stone were enrolled in this study. Patients were asked about their demographics which include name, age, gender and contact details. A 24-hour urine sample from each patient was analyzed for its contents. Metabolic abnormalities were recorded as per operational definition) . Out of 100 patients, 30 %( n=30) were in age Group of 12-30 years whereas 70 %(n=70) were in age Group of 31-60 years, mean age was calculated as 35.85 ± 9.83 years. Mean duration of kidney stone was 1.69 ± 0.46 months. Frequency of metabolic abnormalities were 42%. We concluded that, the most common 24-hour urine abnormalities were hyperuricosuria (32%), hypercalciuria (19%), hypernatriuria (20%).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Disorders in Patients With High Risk for Recurrent Urinary Tract Stones

JAMAL¹,

ADNAN

Muzammil

et al. 2023

Biol Clin Sci Res J

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“…A prior study assessed the validity of ICD-9 codes for upper urinary tract stone disease and reported a high positive predictive value (95.9%). 19 Secondary outcomes included nephrolithiasis diagnosed in the (1) inpatient setting with a claims code in any position; (2) inpatient setting with a claims code in the primary position; and (3) any setting (inpatient or outpatient) with a claims code in any position, the additional requirement of a nephrolithiasisrelated procedure code (eTable 1 in Supplement 1) within 90 days of the diagnosis, and the outcome date being the date of the nephrolithiasis claims code.…”

Section: Key Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T he prevalence of kidney stones has been increasing in the US, rising to 10.1% in 2015-2016, 1 and is increasing worldwide. 2 Kidney stones are associated with substantial costs (>$10 billion annually in the US 3 ), as well as kidney function decline, 4,5 cardiovascular disease, 6 and fractures. 7 Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of kidney stones.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Nephrolithiasis Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Paik,

Tesfaye,

Curhan

et al. 2024

JAMA Intern Med

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ImportanceType 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of kidney stones. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) might lower the risk of nephrolithiasis by altering urine composition. However, no studies have investigated the association between SGLT2i use and nephrolithiasis risk in patients receiving routine care in the US.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between SGLT2i use and nephrolithiasis risk in clinical practice.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis new-user, active comparator cohort study used data from commercially insured adults (aged ≥18 years) with T2D who initiated treatment with SGLT2is, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4is) between April 1, 2013, and December 31, 2020. The data were analyzed from July 2021 through June 2023.ExposureNew initiation of an SGLT2i, GLP-1RA, or DPP4i.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was nephrolithiasis diagnosed by International Classification of Diseases codes in the inpatient or outpatient setting. New SGLT2i users were 1:1 propensity score matched to new users of a GLP-1RA or DPP4i in pairwise comparisons. Incidence rates, rate differences (RDs), and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were calculated.ResultsAfter 1:1 propensity score matching, a total of 716 406 adults with T2D (358 203 pairs) initiating an SGLT2i or a GLP-1RA (mean [SD] age, 61.4 [9.7] years for both groups; 51.4% vs 51.2% female; 48.6% vs 48.5% male) and 662 056 adults (331 028 pairs) initiating an SGLT2i or a DPP4i (mean [SD] age, 61.8 [9.3] vs 61.7 [10.1] years; 47.4% vs 47.3% female; 52.6% vs 52.7% male) were included. Over a median follow-up of 192 (IQR, 88-409) days, the risk of nephrolithiasis was lower in patients initiating an SGLT2i than among those initiating a GLP-1RA (14.9 vs 21.3 events per 1000 person-years; HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.67-0.72]; RD, −6.4 [95% CI, −7.1 to −5.7]) or a DPP4i (14.6 vs 19.9 events per 1000 person-years; HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.71-0.77]; RD, −5.3 [95% CI, −6.0 to −4.6]). The association between SGLT2i use and nephrolithiasis risk was similar by sex, race and ethnicity, history of chronic kidney disease, and obesity. The magnitude of the risk reduction with SGLT2i use was larger among adults aged younger than 70 years vs aged 70 years or older (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.79-0.91]; RD, −3.46 [95% CI, −4.87 to −2.05] per 1000 person-years; P for interaction &lt;.001).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that in adults with T2D, SGLT2i use may lower the risk of nephrolithiasis compared with GLP-1RAs or DPP4is and could help to inform decision-making when prescribing glucose-lowering agents for patients who may be at risk for developing nephrolithiasis.

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“…Nephrolithiasis is now recognized as a complex disease linked to other systemic conditions rather than a benign urinary disorder. Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated a correlation between nephrolithiasis and other systemic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome (Wong et al, 2016), diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (Stamatelou & Goldfarb, 2023). Silkworms are a good model for studying calcium oxalate crystallization in malpighian tubules (MT) as silkworms accumulate a large amount of calcium oxalate crystals in their malpighian tubules during their larval development from first instar to fifth instar without doing any harm to their body.…”

Section: Potential For Kidney Stone Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silkworm Bombyx mori as a model organism: A review

Ashraf,

Qamar

2023

Physiological Entomology

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Bombyx mori Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), a very important economical insect and backbone of the silk industry, is fully reliant on humans for its life cycle. It has short life span, possessing many genes having high degree of homology with human disease‐causing genes, low breeding and maintenance cost, has less ethical issues associated with it and has also got its genome fully sequenced. Because of these characteristics, it has been recognized as an alternate invertebrate model organism candidate for use in life science research. It has been successfully used as an alternative invertebrate model organism in a variety of scientific domains, including human disease models, environmental monitoring models, epigenetic models and microbial drug screening and discovery models, since the last decade. This newly emerged model has given promising results so far in its short journey and has a tremendous future prospect of establishing itself as a successful model just like the classical invertebrate models, Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Caenorhabditis elegans Maupas, 1900 (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae). The use of the silkworm B. mori as a model organism in areas linked to human health and disease is reviewed here.

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Epidemiology of Kidney Stones

Cited by 95 publications

References 212 publications

Metabolic Disorders in Patients With High Risk for Recurrent Urinary Tract Stones

Metabolic Disorders in Patients With High Risk for Recurrent Urinary Tract Stones

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Nephrolithiasis Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Silkworm Bombyx mori as a model organism: A review

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